{"id":558,"date":"2024-03-27T21:25:03","date_gmt":"2024-03-27T21:25:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/?p=558"},"modified":"2024-07-25T14:47:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T14:47:17","slug":"kolefnisspor-matvaelaframleidslu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/kolefnisspor-matvaelaframleidslu\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolefnisspor matv\u00e6laframlei\u00f0slu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Me\u00f0 aukinni umhverfisvitund neytenda og auknum kr\u00f6fum um uppl\u00fdsingagj\u00f6f fyrirt\u00e6kja ver\u00f0ur enn mikilv\u00e6gara en \u00e1\u00f0ur a\u00f0 fyrirt\u00e6ki reikni og uppl\u00fdsi um kolefnisspor framlei\u00f0sluv\u00f6ru sinnar. Kolefnisspor<\/em> er s\u00fa heildarlosun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda<\/a> sem einstaklingur, vi\u00f0bur\u00f0ur (t.d. t\u00f3nlistarh\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0), fyrirt\u00e6ki (t.d. \u00e1lfyrirt\u00e6ki) e\u00f0a framlei\u00f0sla tiltekinnar v\u00f6ru (t.d. lambakj\u00f6t) veldur \u00e1 einu \u00e1ri. Spori\u00f0 er myndl\u00edking fyrir \u00e1hrifin sem einstaklingurinn, vi\u00f0bur\u00f0urinn, fyrirt\u00e6ki\u00f0 e\u00f0a varan hefur \u00e1 loftslagi\u00f0 svipa\u00f0 og \u00feegar vi\u00f0 skiljum eftir f\u00f3tspor \u00ed r\u00f6kum sandi e\u00f0a snj\u00f3. St\u00e6r\u00f0 og d\u00fdpt f\u00f3tsporsins fer eftir \u00fev\u00ed hversu st\u00f3r og \u00feung vi\u00f0 erum. Sama gildir um kolefnisspor. \u00dev\u00ed st\u00e6rra sem kolefnisspor tiltekinnar v\u00f6ru er \u00fev\u00ed meiri \u00e1hrif hefur framlei\u00f0sla og neysla v\u00f6runnar \u00e1 loftslagi\u00f0. Kolefnisspori\u00f0 er oft gefi\u00f0 upp sem losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda \u00ed kg kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s\u00edgilda<\/a> \u00e1 hvert kg af framleiddri v\u00f6ru. Kolefnisspor matv\u00e6la er oftast gefi\u00f0 upp \u00ed kg kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s\u00edgilda \u00e1 kg af \u00e6tum bita<\/em> (beinlaus og\/e\u00f0a ro\u00f0laus biti \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ddmsa sta\u00f0la m\u00e1 n\u00fdta vi\u00f0 mat \u00e1 kolefnisspori matv\u00e6la, s.s. ISO-sta\u00f0la, sta\u00f0la og lei\u00f0beiningar fr\u00e1 GHG-Protocol<\/a> og evr\u00f3pska sta\u00f0la og lei\u00f0beiningar. Sta\u00f0larnir eiga \u00fea\u00f0 sameiginlegt a\u00f0 byggja \u00e1 lei\u00f0beiningum IPCC<\/a> (Millir\u00edkjanefnd S\u00de um loftslagsbreytingar<\/a>) var\u00f0andi \u00fatreikninga og a\u00f0fer\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i. Vi\u00f0 mat \u00e1 kolefnisspori er losun flokku\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvar h\u00fan \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00ed vir\u00f0iske\u00f0ju fyrirt\u00e6kis. \u00cd fyrsta lagi er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a losun vegna starfsemi sem er \u00ed eigu fyrirt\u00e6kisins e\u00f0a er st\u00fdrt af \u00fev\u00ed (losunarsvi\u00f0<\/span> 1). \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a losun vegna kaupa fyrirt\u00e6kisins \u00e1 rafmagni, gufu, hita e\u00f0a k\u00e6lingu (losunarsvi\u00f0<\/span> 2). \u00cd \u00feri\u00f0ja lagi er svo um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a losun \u00ed vir\u00f0iske\u00f0ju fyrirt\u00e6kisins, b\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0fangamegin<\/span> og fr\u00e1lagsmegin<\/span> (losunarsvi\u00f0<\/span> 3). Eftirfarandi mynd gefur yfirlit yfir losunarsvi\u00f0in \u00ferj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 skilgreina kerfism\u00f6rk <\/em>\u00feegar losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda er reiknu\u00f0 \u00fe.e. hva\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e6ttir \u00ed l\u00edfsferli v\u00f6runnar skuli teknir me\u00f0 \u00ed reikninginn. Fyrirt\u00e6ki geta haft mest \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 losun sem fellur undir losunarsvi\u00f0 1. \u00deau geta hins vegar einnig haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 losun b\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0fanga- og fr\u00e1lagsmegin \u00ed vir\u00f0iske\u00f0junni (losunarsvi\u00f0 3), t.d. me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gera kr\u00f6fur til birgja, me\u00f0 vistv\u00e6nni h\u00f6nnun m.t.t. f\u00f6rgunar framleiddrar v\u00f6ru, og margt fleira. Fyrirt\u00e6ki skulu a\u00f0 l\u00e1gmarki meta alla losun sem tilheyrir losunarsvi\u00f0i 1 og 2. Valkv\u00e6tt er a\u00f0 meta losun sem tilheyrir losunarsvi\u00f0i 3 en \u00fe\u00f3 er m\u00e6lt me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 meta og gefa uppl\u00fdsingar um allar mikilv\u00e6gar uppsprettur. Mikilv\u00e6gi er meti\u00f0 \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00e1hrifum \u00e1 heildarlosun, m\u00f6guleikum fyrirt\u00e6kja til a\u00f0 draga \u00far vi\u00f0komandi losun, \u00fatsetningu fyrir \u00e1h\u00e6ttu (or\u00f0spors\u00e1h\u00e6ttu e\u00f0a \u00ed\u00feyngjandi regluger\u00f0um) og mikilv\u00e6gi fyrir hagsmunaa\u00f0ila. Uppsprettur sem tilheyra losunarsvi\u00f0i 3 eru margar og \u00f3l\u00edkar og geta veri\u00f0 st\u00f3r \u00fe\u00e1ttur \u00ed heildarlosun. Losun vegna framlei\u00f0slu tilb\u00fains \u00e1bur\u00f0ar og\/e\u00f0a f\u00f3\u00f0urs vegur t.a.m. \u00feungt \u00ed losunarb\u00f3khaldi margra matv\u00e6laframlei\u00f0enda. N\u00e1nar m\u00e1 lesa um helstu uppsprettur losunar gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda \u00ed matv\u00e6laframlei\u00f0slu h\u00e9r<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00deegar um matv\u00e6laframlei\u00f0slu er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a er i\u00f0ulega mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 alla losun \u201efr\u00e1 v\u00f6ggu til dreifingarst\u00f6\u00f0var\u201c<\/em>. \u00dear er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 losun vegna b\u00fafj\u00e1rhalds (ef vi\u00f0 \u00e1), notkunar \u00e1bur\u00f0ar, eldsneytis o.fl. (losunarsvi\u00f0 1), losun vegna orkunotkunar (losunarsvi\u00f0 2) og losun vegna framlei\u00f0slu og flutnings a\u00f0fanga a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0slufyrirt\u00e6kinu (losunarsvi\u00f0 3, a\u00f0fangamegin \u00ed vir\u00f0iske\u00f0junni). \u00dear vi\u00f0 b\u00e6tist svo losun sem ver\u00f0ur eftir a\u00f0 vi\u00f0komandi vara yfirgefur fyrirt\u00e6ki\u00f0, \u00fe.e. losun vegna flutninga, me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlunar, umb\u00fa\u00f0a og p\u00f6kkunar, k\u00e6lingar o.s.frv. (losunarsvi\u00f0 3, fr\u00e1lagsmegin \u00ed vir\u00f0iske\u00f0junni), allt \u00fear til varan er tilb\u00fain til dreifingar \u00ed verslanir. Losun vegna flutninga \u00ed v\u00f6ruh\u00fas og verslanir, r\u00fdrnunar \u00ed v\u00f6ruh\u00fasum og verslunum, flutnings til endanlegra neytenda, geymslu, eldunar, \u00fargangsf\u00f6rgunar o.s.frv. er hins vegar yfirleitt undanskilin, enda er \u00feessi losun mj\u00f6g breytileg og oft erfitt a\u00f0 afla samr\u00e6mdra uppl\u00fdsinga um hana. Matv\u00e6laframlei\u00f0endur geta haft langmest \u00e1hrif \u00e1 losun fr\u00e1 v\u00f6ggu til dreifingarst\u00f6\u00f0var, \u00fe\u00f3tt vissulega geti t.d. neytendav\u00e6nar pakkningar og skammtast\u00e6r\u00f0ir haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e6tti eins og matars\u00f3un og losun vegna f\u00f6rgunar. \u00cd sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 mi\u00f0a vi\u00f0 alla losun \u201efr\u00e1 v\u00f6ggu til dreifingarst\u00f6\u00f0var\u201c er oft l\u00e1ti\u00f0 n\u00e6gja a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta \u00fatreikninga a\u00f0eins n\u00e1 til losunar \u201efr\u00e1 v\u00f6ggu a\u00f0 hli\u00f0i\u201c, \u00fe.e.a.s. allrar losunar sem ver\u00f0ur \u00feanga\u00f0 til varan yfirgefur framlei\u00f0slufyrirt\u00e6ki\u00f0 e\u00f0a b\u00fdli\u00f0. \u00deetta einfaldar \u00fatreikninga \u00ed m\u00f6rgum tilvikum, \u00fear sem oft er vandkv\u00e6\u00f0um bundi\u00f0 a\u00f0 finna uppl\u00fdsingar um ferli\u00f0 sem \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 eftir \u00fea\u00f0. \u00deegar um d\u00fdrahald er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u00e1 \u00feetta t.d. vi\u00f0 um flutninga \u00ed sl\u00e1turh\u00fas og sj\u00e1lft ferli\u00f0 \u00ed sl\u00e1turh\u00fasunum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed matv\u00e6laframlei\u00f0slu framlei\u00f0a oft fleiri en eina s\u00f6luv\u00e6na afur\u00f0. \u00deetta \u00e1 t.d. vi\u00f0 um framlei\u00f0slu sem byggir \u00e1 einni tiltekinni tegund d\u00fdra e\u00f0a plantna, sem gefur samt af s\u00e9r fleiri en eina s\u00f6luh\u00e6fa afur\u00f0 (t.d. sau\u00f0fj\u00e1rb\u00fa sem framlei\u00f0ir lambakj\u00f6t, innmat, ull o.fl.), svo og blanda\u00f0an b\u00faskap \u00fear sem framlei\u00f0slan byggir \u00e1 fleiri en einni tegund. \u00de\u00e1 getur veri\u00f0 gagnlegt og e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 skipta losuninni ni\u00f0ur \u00e1 mismunandi framlei\u00f0slu\u00fe\u00e6tti<\/span>. \u00cd reikniv\u00e9linni, sem h\u00e9r<\/a> er a\u00f0 finna, geta notendur reikna\u00f0 losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda sem \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 vi\u00f0 framlei\u00f0slu fr\u00e1 v\u00f6ggu a\u00f0 hli\u00f0i. Til a\u00f0 reikna kolefnisspor sitt \u00feurfa framlei\u00f0endur a\u00f0 tvinna ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur \u00far reikniv\u00e9lunum vi\u00f0 uppl\u00fdsingar um eigin framlei\u00f0slu og framlei\u00f0slu\u00fe\u00e6tti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reykjav\u00edk 24.mars 2024, Birna Sigr\u00fan Hallsd\u00f3ttir. \u00deessi grein er ein af \u00feremur greinum sem innihalda fr\u00e6\u00f0slu um loftslagsm\u00e1l og matv\u00e6lavinnslu. Verkefni\u00f0 var unni\u00f0 \u00ed samstarfi vi\u00f0 Matland<\/a> og styrkt af Loftslagssj\u00f3\u00f0i<\/a>.<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[next page=“566″]<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Me\u00f0 aukinni umhverfisvitund neytenda og auknum kr\u00f6fum um uppl\u00fdsingagj\u00f6f fyrirt\u00e6kja ver\u00f0ur enn mikilv\u00e6gara en \u00e1\u00f0ur a\u00f0 fyrirt\u00e6ki reikni og uppl\u00fdsi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":559,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-greinar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/558","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=558"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/558\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":920,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/558\/revisions\/920"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}