{"id":964,"date":"2025-08-19T15:59:38","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T15:59:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/?p=964"},"modified":"2025-10-28T08:36:17","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T08:36:17","slug":"nytt-landsframlag-og-hvad-svo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/greinar\/nytt-landsframlag-og-hvad-svo\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fdtt landsframlag \u2013 og hva\u00f0 svo?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Innan f\u00e1rra vikna \u00fearf \u00cdsland a\u00f0 skila inn n\u00fdju landsframlagi gagnvart Par\u00edsarsamningnum og gera grein fyrir stefnu sinni \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum fram til \u00e1rsins 2035. \u00cd n\u00fdlegri grein<\/a> fj\u00f6llu\u00f0um vi\u00f0 um landsframlagi\u00f0 og tengsl \u00feess vi\u00f0 skuldbindingar \u00cdslands og markmi\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnvalda um kolefnishlutleysi \u00e1ri\u00f0 2040. N\u00fa beinum vi\u00f0 sj\u00f3num okkar a\u00f0 n\u00e6stu spurningu: Hva\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 gera til a\u00f0 hrinda stefnu stj\u00f3rnvalda \u00ed framkv\u00e6md?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00de\u00f6rf \u00e1 samst\u00edga stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Eins og sannast hefur s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rin gerist f\u00e1tt sj\u00e1lfkrafa \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum. Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legar stofnanir \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 Efnahags- og framfarastofnunina (OECD)<\/a> og Millir\u00edkjanefnd Sameinu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna um loftslagsbreytingar (IPCC)<\/a> hafa lengi beint \u00feeim skilabo\u00f0um til r\u00edkja a\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 um kolefnishlutleysi kalli \u00e1 heildr\u00e6na endurhugsun \u00e1 stefnum\u00f6rkun og \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum hins opinbera, \u00fevert \u00e1 m\u00e1laflokka. Hluti sl\u00edkrar vinnu felst \u00ed a\u00f0 samh\u00e6fa a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir stj\u00f3rnkerfisins og tengja \u00fe\u00e6r vi\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir um r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun opinberra fj\u00e1rmuna. Um hi\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda var fjalla\u00f0 \u00ed sk\u00fdrslu Loftslagsr\u00e1\u00f0s<\/a> fyrir \u00feremur \u00e1rum, \u00fear sem fram kom a\u00f0 verulega skorti \u00e1 tengsl milli loftslagsstefnu stj\u00f3rnvalda og fj\u00e1rlagager\u00f0ar h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. \u00dar \u00feessu hefur ekki veri\u00f0 b\u00e6tt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 fara \u00fdmsar lei\u00f0ir \u00ed \u00feessum efnum. Sem d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 nefna a\u00f0 \u00ed d\u00f6nsku loftslagsl\u00f6gunum fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2020<\/a> er kve\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 um m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 sem tryggir formlegt samspil a\u00f0ger\u00f0a\u00e1\u00e6tlunar \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum og fj\u00e1rlaga. \u00c1 hverju \u00e1ri er sama ferli\u00f0 endurteki\u00f0: \u00dea\u00f0 hefst \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 danska loftslagsr\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 gefur \u00fat st\u00f6\u00f0usk\u00fdrslu og r\u00e1\u00f0gj\u00f6f til stj\u00f3rnvalda, auk \u00feess sem stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld birta framreikninga um losun \u00ed mismunandi geirum samf\u00e9lagsins. \u00c1 grundvelli \u00feessara gagna gefur r\u00e1\u00f0herra loftslagsm\u00e1la danska \u00feinginu sk\u00fdrslu a\u00f0 hausti um hvernig Danm\u00f6rku mi\u00f0ar \u00ed m\u00e1laflokknum og leggur til frekari a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir. Till\u00f6gurnar rata beint inn \u00ed me\u00f0fer\u00f0 fj\u00e1rlaga \u00e1 \u00feinginu \u00fear sem \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 er hvort umr\u00e6ddar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir ver\u00f0i fj\u00e1rmagna\u00f0ar. \u00c1rinu l\u00fdkur s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0herra gerir \u00feinginu grein fyrir st\u00f6\u00f0u landsins gagnvart loftslagsmarkmi\u00f0um s\u00ednum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hva\u00f0a \u00fatgj\u00f6ld eru loftslags\u00fatgj\u00f6ld?<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

\u00de\u00f3tt stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu loftslagsm\u00e1la h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi s\u00e9 marka\u00f0ur rammi \u00ed l\u00f6gum nr. 70\/2012 um loftslagsm\u00e1l hefur h\u00fan lengi veri\u00f0 \u00f3markviss og einkennst af \u00f3sk\u00fdrleika, \u00f3fyrirsj\u00e1anleika og skorti \u00e1 eftirfylgni. Oft er erfitt \u2013 jafnvel \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt \u2013 a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvert \u00fatgj\u00f6ld \u00ed m\u00e1laflokknum renna og hva\u00f0a \u00e1rangur hl\u00fdst af fj\u00e1rm\u00f6gnu\u00f0um a\u00f0ger\u00f0um. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fyrri r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnir hafa st\u00e6rt sig af auknum fj\u00e1rveitingum til loftslagsm\u00e1la, en hva\u00f0 \u00fearf til a\u00f0 \u00fatgj\u00f6ld teljist loftslags\u00fatgj\u00f6ld<\/em>? Takm\u00f6rku\u00f0 sv\u00f6r er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed g\u00f6gnum um opinber fj\u00e1rm\u00e1l \u00fear sem fj\u00e1rframl\u00f6g til loftslagsm\u00e1la dreifast \u00f3sundurgreind \u00e1 \u00fdmsa fj\u00e1rlagali\u00f0i. \u00cd \u00feeim tilvikum sem stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld hafa birt yfirlit yfir framl\u00f6g til m\u00e1laflokksins<\/a> hefur kostna\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 \u00fdmsar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir veri\u00f0 flokka\u00f0ur alfari\u00f0 sem loftslags\u00fatgj\u00f6ld, \u00fe\u00f3tt umdeilanlegt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 sl\u00edk flokkun s\u00e9 r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tanleg \u00fear sem samdr\u00e1ttur losunar var t\u00e6plega eini tilgangur vi\u00f0komandi a\u00f0ger\u00f0a. Nefna m\u00e1 framl\u00f6g r\u00edkisins til almenningssamgangna, g\u00f6ngu- og hj\u00f3last\u00edga \u00e1 h\u00f6fu\u00f0borgarsv\u00e6\u00f0inu og gr\u00e6nmetisframlei\u00f0slu. \u00de\u00e1 vakti athygli s\u00fa ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a stj\u00f3rnvalda fyrir \u00feremur \u00e1rum a\u00f0 \u201e\u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0um skilningi\u201c megi flokka alla starfsemi Ve\u00f0urstofu \u00cdslands undir loftslagsm\u00e1l<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Eldgos \u00e1 Reykjanesskaga. 100% loftslagsm\u00e1l?<\/kbd><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Afdr\u00e1ttarlaus a\u00f0ger\u00f0a\u00e1\u00e6tlun sem fylgt er eftir<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Br\u00fdnt er a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta \u00far ofangreindu \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 yfirstandandi vinnu vi\u00f0 heildarendursko\u00f0un laga um loftslagsm\u00e1l<\/a>. \u00de\u00e1 hefur veri\u00f0 bo\u00f0a\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00fd a\u00f0ger\u00f0a\u00e1\u00e6tlun ver\u00f0i gefin \u00fat \u00ed haust og er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 h\u00fan \u00fearf a\u00f0 vera mun afdr\u00e1ttarlausari og markvissari en s\u00fa \u00e1\u00e6tlun sem sam\u00feykkt var s\u00ed\u00f0asta sumar<\/a>, \u00ed t\u00ed\u00f0 fyrri r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnar. \u00cd n\u00fdju \u00e1\u00e6tluninni vonumst vi\u00f0 til a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 raunh\u00e6far, \u00fatf\u00e6r\u00f0ar og fj\u00e1rmagna\u00f0ar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir sem \u00e6tla\u00f0 er a\u00f0 n\u00e1 m\u00e6lanlegum \u00e1rangri. S\u00e9rstaklega er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 hverfa fr\u00e1 \u00feeirri n\u00e1lgun a\u00f0 blanda raunverulegum a\u00f0ger\u00f0um saman vi\u00f0 lista yfir misjafnlega \u00fatf\u00e6r\u00f0ar hugmyndir og umfj\u00f6llun um hugsanleg umb\u00f3taverkefni innan stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslunnar. Vi\u00f0 m\u00f3tun \u00e1\u00e6tlunarinnar \u00fearf einnig a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 \u00edslensk stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld bera \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun fr\u00e1 \u00f6llum uppsprettum h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al losun sem tengist st\u00f3ri\u00f0ju og landnotkun, en ekki bara samf\u00e9lagslosun eins og stundum m\u00e6tti \u00e6tla. L\u00f6ngu t\u00edmab\u00e6rt er a\u00f0 h\u00e6tta a\u00f0 v\u00edsa til samf\u00e9lagslosunar sem losunar sem stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld \u201ebera beina \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1\u201c enda sendir sl\u00edk or\u00f0notkun villandi skilabo\u00f0 um umfang verkefnisins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hnitmi\u00f0u\u00f0 a\u00f0ger\u00f0a\u00e1\u00e6tlun er ekki s\u00edst nau\u00f0synleg til a\u00f0 gera stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslunni sj\u00e1lfri kleift a\u00f0 fylgjast me\u00f0 \u00e1rangri af eigin a\u00f0ger\u00f0um og mi\u00f0la sk\u00fdrum uppl\u00fdsingum um st\u00f6\u00f0u m\u00e1la. Sl\u00edka uppl\u00fdsingami\u00f0lun ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 taka alvarlegar en stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslan hefur gert hinga\u00f0 til; verkefnisstj\u00f3rn a\u00f0ger\u00f0a\u00e1\u00e6tlunar ber l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt a\u00f0 gefa \u00fat \u00e1rlega st\u00f6\u00f0usk\u00fdrslu um framgang a\u00f0ger\u00f0a en \u00fe\u00e6r hafa komi\u00f0 stopult \u00fat og veitt takmarka\u00f0ar uppl\u00fdsingar. Raunar hefur engin sl\u00edk sk\u00fdrsla komi\u00f0 \u00fat s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1ri\u00f0 2022, \u00e1n sannf\u00e6randi sk\u00fdringa og \u00e1n s\u00fdnilegra vi\u00f0brag\u00f0a (sj\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 h\u00e9r<\/a>). Ekki ver\u00f0ur til d\u00e6mis s\u00e9\u00f0 a\u00f0 Loftslagsr\u00e1\u00f0, sem hefur \u00fea\u00f0 meginhlutverk a\u00f0 veita stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ldum a\u00f0hald \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum, hafi gert athugasemd vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feegar sk\u00fdrslurnar h\u00e6ttu a\u00f0 birtast. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fj\u00e1rm\u00f6gnun a\u00f0ger\u00f0a<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

\u00cd al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legri umr\u00e6\u00f0u er vaxandi \u00e1hersla \u00e1 a\u00f0 leita n\u00fdrra lei\u00f0a til a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagna a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum. Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0astofnanir hafa \u00edtreka\u00f0 bent \u00e1 mikilv\u00e6gi \u00feess a\u00f0 stefnum\u00f3tun r\u00edkja og r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun \u00e1 opinberu f\u00e9 stu\u00f0li a\u00f0 auknum fj\u00e1rfestingum einkaa\u00f0ila, til d\u00e6mis \u00ed verkefnum \u00e1 svi\u00f0i gr\u00e6nnar eldsneytisframlei\u00f0slu, innvi\u00f0auppbyggingar og kolefnisbindingar. \u00c1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum hefur athyglin \u00ed auknum m\u00e6li beinst a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rm\u00f6gnun n\u00fdsk\u00f6punarverkefna og uppt\u00f6ku n\u00fdrrar t\u00e6kni, me\u00f0al annars til a\u00f0 fanga kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0 og koma \u00fev\u00ed til varanlegrar geymslu og\/e\u00f0a sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rrar n\u00fdtingar. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed samhengi m\u00e1 aftur l\u00edta til Danmerkur \u00fear sem stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld hafa lengi unni\u00f0 a\u00f0 stefnum\u00f3tun um opinberan stu\u00f0ning vi\u00f0 sl\u00edk verkefni. \u00c1 \u00feessu svi\u00f0i eru t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri \u00cdslands meiri en margra annarra r\u00edkja enda eru fyrirt\u00e6ki h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi komin langt \u00e1 veg vi\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3un margv\u00edslegra t\u00e6knilausna og hafa vaki\u00f0 athygli v\u00ed\u00f0a um heim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld \u00feurfa, me\u00f0 ofangreindar \u00e1bendingar al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0astofnana og reynslu annarra r\u00edkja \u00ed huga, a\u00f0 m\u00f3ta mun beittari stefnu en hinga\u00f0 til um a\u00f0komu s\u00edna a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rm\u00f6gnun innlendra loftslagsverkefna. H\u00e9r undir falla \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir um n\u00fdtingu stj\u00f3rnt\u00e6kja \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fathlutanir \u00far samkeppnissj\u00f3\u00f0um, skattalega hvata, samstarfsverkefni opinberra a\u00f0ila og einkaa\u00f0ila, opinber innkaup og inngrip sem draga \u00far \u00e1h\u00e6ttu fj\u00e1rfesta. Stefnan \u00e6tti me\u00f0al annars a\u00f0 beinast a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00fdta tekjur \u00cdslands af s\u00f6lu losunarheimilda \u00ed ETS-kerfinu \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu innlendra a\u00f0ger\u00f0a, \u00e1samt tekjum af kolefnisgjaldi, losunargjaldi og skattlagningu F-gasa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Auk \u00feess er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rm\u00f6gnun og fj\u00e1rfestingum einkaa\u00f0ila me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed einfalda me\u00f0ali a\u00f0 tala sk\u00fdrar: auka g\u00e6\u00f0i og fyrirsj\u00e1anleika l\u00f6ggjafar og stefnum\u00f3tunar, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al stefnu um hagr\u00e6na hvata og erlendar fj\u00e1rfestingar, og nota r\u00f6dd hins opinbera til a\u00f0 li\u00f0ka fyrir al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legri samvinnu og vi\u00f0skiptum \u00e1 kolefnism\u00f6rku\u00f0um.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raunh\u00e6ft mat \u00e1 kostna\u00f0i<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

\u00de\u00f3tt a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum s\u00e9u kostna\u00f0arsamar ber flestum greinendum saman um a\u00f0 enn d\u00fdrkeyptara ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 halda a\u00f0 s\u00e9r h\u00f6ndum. Fyrir utan kostna\u00f0 sem samf\u00e9l\u00f6g standa frammi fyrir vegna aflei\u00f0inga loftslagsbreytinga, svo sem fj\u00f6lgunar atbur\u00f0a \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 fl\u00f3\u00f0, skri\u00f0uf\u00f6ll, gr\u00f3\u00f0urelda og aftakave\u00f0ur, getur veri\u00f0 d\u00fdrt fyrir r\u00edki a\u00f0 standast ekki skuldbindingar s\u00ednar. Fjalla\u00f0 er um \u00feetta \u00ed \u00edrskri sk\u00fdrslu<\/a> sem Loftslagsr\u00e1\u00f0 benti \u00e1 n\u00fdlega, \u00fear sem fram kemur a\u00f0 \u00cdrland muni, mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 n\u00faverandi horfur, \u00feurfa a\u00f0 kaupa landsheimildir af \u00f6\u00f0rum r\u00edkjum fyrir milljar\u00f0a evra til a\u00f0 uppfylla kr\u00f6fur sem \u00cdrar hafa undirgengist um samdr\u00e1tt samf\u00e9lagslosunar. \u00cd sk\u00fdrslunni er l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1hersla \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feennan kostna\u00f0 megi minnka verulega me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 her\u00f0a \u00e1 innlendum a\u00f0ger\u00f0um. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00deetta \u00e1 einnig vi\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi sem tilheyrir s\u00f6mu stj\u00f3rnkerfum og \u00cdrland vegna skuldbindinga EES-samningsins. \u00deegar kostna\u00f0ur af loftslagsa\u00f0ger\u00f0um h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi er metinn, eins og skylt er a\u00f0 gera samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum um loftslagsm\u00e1l, n\u00e6gir ekki a\u00f0 \u00e1\u00e6tla beinan kostna\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir. Einnig \u00fearf a\u00f0 taka mi\u00f0 af m\u00f6gulegum framt\u00ed\u00f0arkostna\u00f0i r\u00edkissj\u00f3\u00f0s vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00edslensk stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld n\u00e1i ekki markmi\u00f0um s\u00ednum, en s\u00e1 kostna\u00f0ur felst me\u00f0al annars \u00ed t\u00f6pu\u00f0um tekjum sem tengjast n\u00fdtingu ETS-sveigjanleikans<\/a>, kaupum \u00e1 landsheimildum af \u00f6\u00f0rum EES-r\u00edkjum og kaupum \u00e1 kolefniseiningum \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum m\u00f6rku\u00f0um.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00deetta reddast \u2026 ekki af sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

\u00de\u00f3tt vissulega \u00feokist \u00fdmislegt \u00ed r\u00e9tta \u00e1tt h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi hafa \u00f3raunh\u00e6f markmi\u00f0, \u00f3markvissar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir, skortur \u00e1 uppl\u00fdsingum og \u2013 oft og t\u00ed\u00f0um \u2013 a\u00f0ger\u00f0aleysi hins opinbera sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1rangri og fram\u00fer\u00f3un fyrir \u00ferifum og skapa\u00f0 langvarandi \u00f3vissu, uppl\u00fdsinga\u00f3rei\u00f0u og vantraust. Eins og vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum bent \u00e1 \u00ed fyrri greinum<\/a> og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00e1 myndinni h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ne\u00f0an stefnir losun \u00e1 \u00cdslandi ekki \u00ed r\u00e9tta \u00e1tt. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir \u00f3vanalega r\u00edkt a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 endurn\u00fdjanlegri raforku og jar\u00f0hita til h\u00fashitunar er losun h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi mikil og samanbur\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 n\u00e1grannal\u00f6ndin okkur \u00f3hagst\u00e6\u00f0ur hvort sem mi\u00f0a\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 \u00edb\u00faafj\u00f6lda e\u00f0a landsframlei\u00f0slu (athugi\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 fletta \u00e1 milli grafa me\u00f0 \u00f6rvunum).<\/p>\n\n\n