{"id":185,"date":"2021-02-27T23:56:09","date_gmt":"2021-02-27T23:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/?post_type=article&#038;p=185"},"modified":"2026-03-16T10:03:30","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T10:03:30","slug":"lykilstadreyndir-um-ets","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/lykilstadreyndir-um-ets\/","title":{"rendered":"Lykilsta\u00f0reyndir um ETS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi ESB me\u00f0 losunarheimildir <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-in-data-column-and-sticky\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/thijs-stoop-A_AQxGz9z5I-unsplash-819x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/thijs-stoop-A_AQxGz9z5I-unsplash-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/thijs-stoop-A_AQxGz9z5I-unsplash-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/thijs-stoop-A_AQxGz9z5I-unsplash-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/thijs-stoop-A_AQxGz9z5I-unsplash-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/thijs-stoop-A_AQxGz9z5I-unsplash-1638x2048.jpg 1638w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/thijs-stoop-A_AQxGz9z5I-unsplash-scaled.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi ESB me\u00f0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Ein losunarheimild veitir leyfi til a\u00f0 losa eitt tonn af gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegundum, m\u00e6lt \u00ed kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s\u00edgildum.\">losunarheimildir<\/span>, <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Emission Trading System\">ETS<\/span>, var komi\u00f0 \u00e1 f\u00f3t \u00e1ri\u00f0 2005. Fyrsta vi\u00f0skiptat\u00edmabil kerfisins st\u00f3\u00f0 fr\u00e1 2005 til 2008 og var eins konar prufukeyrsla \u00e1 kerfinu. Anna\u00f0 vi\u00f0skiptat\u00edmabil kerfisins var fr\u00e1 2008 til 2012 og hi\u00f0 \u00feri\u00f0ja fr\u00e1 2013 til 2020, en \u00feessi tv\u00f6 t\u00edmabil n\u00e1\u00f0u yfir s\u00f6mu \u00e1r og fyrra og s\u00ed\u00f0ara skuldbindingat\u00edmabil Kyoto-b\u00f3kunarinnar. Fj\u00f3r\u00f0a vi\u00f0skiptat\u00edmabil ETS h\u00f3fst 2021 og stendur til 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cd ETS-kerfinu er <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00c1 ensku er svona kerfi kalla\u00f0&amp;nbsp;\u201ecap and trade\u201c sem \u00e1 \u00edslensku m\u00e6tti kalla \u201ehamla og h\u00f6ndla\u201c.\">\u00feak<\/span> sett \u00e1 heildarlosun, losunarheimildir (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"EUA: EU Allowances\">EUA<\/span>-heimildir) gefnar \u00fat \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00feaki\u00f0 og vi\u00f0skipti leyf\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r. Fyrirt\u00e6ki innan kerfisins \u00feurfa a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a s\u00e9r \u00fati um heimildir \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 losun s\u00edna. \u00deaki\u00f0 l\u00e6kkar me\u00f0 \u00e1runum, sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 losunarheimildum \u00ed kerfinu f\u00e6kkar, og \u00feannig n\u00e6st markmi\u00f0 um samdr\u00e1tt \u00ed losun. \u00deegar losunarheimildum \u00ed umfer\u00f0 f\u00e6kkar ver\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e6r d\u00fdrari (\u201el\u00f6gm\u00e1l marka\u00f0arins\u201c). \u00deegar kostna\u00f0ur fyrirt\u00e6kjanna vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 afla losunarheimilda ver\u00f0ur meiri en kostna\u00f0urinn vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun m\u00e1 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 fyrirt\u00e6ki velji frekar s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda kostinn. Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0 felur \u00feannig \u00ed s\u00e9r hagr\u00e6na hvata fyrir fyrirt\u00e6ki til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun um lei\u00f0 og kerfi\u00f0 stu\u00f0lar a\u00f0 loftslagsv\u00e6nni n\u00fdsk\u00f6pun og t\u00e6kni\u00fer\u00f3un.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0 tekur til losunar fr\u00e1 sta\u00f0bundinni starfsemi \u00ed orkuframlei\u00f0slu og \u00feungai\u00f0na\u00f0i (s.s. ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0vum, framlei\u00f0slu m\u00e1lma, sements, o.fl.). Kerfi\u00f0 takmarkar losun fr\u00e1 meira en 10.000 sta\u00f0bundnum fyrirt\u00e6kjum sem starfa \u00ed ESB-r\u00edkjunum&nbsp;<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00e1 Bretlandi t\u00f3ku \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed kerfinu til 2020. \u00deegar Bretar yfirg\u00e1fu sambandi\u00f0 lauk \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku \u00feeirra \u00ed kerfum ESB til a\u00f0 takmarka losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda. Bretar settu s\u00e9r \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 um samdr\u00e1tt \u00ed losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda, sem er metna\u00f0arfyllra en sameiginlegt markmi\u00f0 ESB, \u00cdslands og Noregs.\">27<\/span>&nbsp;og \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, \u00ed Noregi og \u00ed Liechtenstein, og n\u00e6r til um 40% losunar \u00e1 Evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0inu. Markmi\u00f0 ESB er a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun innan kerfisins um&nbsp;<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Fyrra markmi\u00f0 um samdr\u00e1tt var 43% til 2030 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2005, en \u00fev\u00ed markmi\u00f0i var breytt \u00ed 62% \u00ed takt vi\u00f0 uppf\u00e6rt landsframlag ESB til Par\u00edsarsamningsins \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020.\">62%<\/span> til 2030 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unar\u00e1r fyrir kerfi ESB til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun er \u00e1ri\u00f0 2005. \u00de\u00e1 haf\u00f0i losun ESB-r\u00edkjanna \u00feegar dregist saman um 6% og var nau\u00f0synlegur \u00e1framhaldandi samdr\u00e1ttur reikna\u00f0ur mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1r til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 \u00feeim markmi\u00f0um sem ESB setti s\u00e9r fyrir \u00e1rin 2020 og 2030.\">2005<\/span>. <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00de\u00e1tttaka \u00ed kerfinu hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar flug og siglingar er \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 heimilisfesti vi\u00f0komandi fyrirt\u00e6kja. \u00deannig \u00feurfa flugrekendur og skipafyrirt\u00e6ki utan Evr\u00f3pu a\u00f0 gera upp losunarheimildir vegna flugs og siglinga \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu.\">Einnig<\/span> n\u00e6r kerfi\u00f0 til losunar fr\u00e1 flugi innan Evr\u00f3pu og losunar vegna siglinga. Til stendur a\u00f0 setja \u00e1 f\u00f3t hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt vi\u00f0skiptakerfi (ETS2) vegna brennslu \u00e1 eldsneyti \u00ed vegasamg\u00f6ngum, til h\u00fashitunar, \u00ed byggingarstarfsemi og \u00ed \u00fdmiss konar i\u00f0na\u00f0i sem ekki fellur n\u00fa \u00feegar undir ETS, sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nar <em><a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/faer-i-55\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00cdtargrein: F\u00e6r \u00ed 55<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nokkrar sta\u00f0reyndir um kerfi\u00f0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kerfi\u00f0 takmarkar losun kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) fr\u00e1 orkuframlei\u00f0slu, i\u00f0na\u00f0i, flugi og siglingum, gla\u00f0lofts&nbsp;(N<sub>2<\/sub>O) fr\u00e1 s\u00fdruframlei\u00f0slu og perfl\u00faorkolefna (PFC) fr\u00e1 \u00e1lframlei\u00f0slu. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sett er <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00c1 ensku er svona kerfi kalla\u00f0&amp;nbsp;\u201ecap and trade\u201c sem \u00e1 \u00edslensku m\u00e6tti kalla \u201ehamla og h\u00f6ndla\u201c.\">\u00feak<\/span> \u00e1 heildarlosun og vi\u00f0skipti leyf\u00f0 me\u00f0 losunarheimildir. \u00deaki\u00f0 (og \u00fear me\u00f0 fj\u00f6ldi losunarheimilda) fyrir sta\u00f0bundna starfsemi \u00ed kerfinu l\u00e6kka\u00f0i um 1,74% \u00e1 \u00e1ri 2013-2020 og um 2,2% \u00e1 \u00e1ri 2021-2023. \u00deaki\u00f0 l\u00e6kkar svo um 4,3% \u00e1 \u00e1ri 2024-2027 og 4,4% \u00e1 \u00e1ri 2028-2030. \u00deannig n\u00e6st markmi\u00f0 um 62% samdr\u00e1tt \u00ed losun fyrirt\u00e6kja innan kerfisins til \u00e1rsins 2030 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2005. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kerfi\u00f0 kve\u00f0ur ekki \u00e1 um takm\u00f6rkun losunar einstakra fyrirt\u00e6kja heldur n\u00e6st markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 um samdr\u00e1tt \u00ed losun me\u00f0al fyrirt\u00e6kja innan kerfisins me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 takmarka heildarfj\u00f6lda &#8211; og \u00fear me\u00f0 frambo\u00f0 &#8211;  losunarheimilda \u00ed kerfinu. Losun einstakra fyrirt\u00e6kja innan kerfisins getur \u00fev\u00ed jafnvel aukist \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 heildarmarkmi\u00f0 kerfisins n\u00e1ist, svo framarlega sem vi\u00f0komandi fyrirt\u00e6ki ver\u00f0i s\u00e9r \u00fati um n\u00e6gjanlegan fj\u00f6lda losunarheimilda.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sta\u00f0bundin <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Sorpbrennslur skulu vakta losun fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2024 og skila losunarsk\u00fdrslum. \u00cd \u00e1rslok 2026 ver\u00f0ur tekin \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um hvort sorpbrennslur muni falla undir ETS fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2028.\">starfsemi<\/span> (orkuframlei\u00f0sla og \u00feungai\u00f0na\u00f0ur), sem tilheyrir kerfinu, er h\u00e1\u00f0 losunarleyfi og ber a\u00f0 standa skil \u00e1 losunarheimildum. Losunarheimildirnar nefnast EUA-heimildir. Hluta losunarheimildanna er \u00fathluta\u00f0 endurgjaldslaust til fyrirt\u00e6kja eftir \u00e1kve\u00f0num reglum og tekur \u00fathlutunin mi\u00f0 af <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"S\u00f6guleg starfsemi er me\u00f0alframlei\u00f0sla \u00e1 vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unart\u00edmabili.\">s\u00f6gulegri<\/span> starfsemi (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"HAL: Historical Activity Level.\">HAL<\/span>) og af <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00c1rangursvi\u00f0mi\u00f0 fyrir \u00e1lframlei\u00f0slu er t.d. 1,464 losunarheimildir \u00e1 hvert framleitt tonn af \u00e1li.\">\u00e1rangursvi\u00f0mi\u00f0um<\/span> (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"BM: Benchmark.\">BM<\/span>), sem eru \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0 \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00e1rangri \u00feeirra fyrirt\u00e6kja sem best hefur gengi\u00f0 a\u00f0 takmarka losun fr\u00e1 starfsemi sinni, auk \u00feess sem \u00fathlutunin er lei\u00f0r\u00e9tt me\u00f0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00c1kve\u00f0in starfsemi er talin vera vi\u00f0kv\u00e6m fyrir kolefnisleka, \u00fe.e. h\u00e6tta er talin \u00e1 a\u00f0 sl\u00edk starfsemi kunni a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 \u00ed\u00feyngjandi kr\u00f6fum um uppgj\u00f6r \u00e1 losunarheimildum me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 flytjast til r\u00edkja \u00fear sem ekki eru ger\u00f0ar samb\u00e6rilegar kr\u00f6fur&lt;a&gt;. &lt;\/a&gt;Til a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 \u00feessu hefur \u00feessi starfsemi fengi\u00f0 \u00fathluta\u00f0 100% af margfeldi HAL og BM (lei\u00f0r\u00e9tt me\u00f0 almenna lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttingarstu\u00f0linum), \u00fe.e. kolefnislekastu\u00f0ullinn er 100%. Kolefnislekastu\u00f0ullinn l\u00e6kka\u00f0i hins vegar l\u00ednulega \u00far 80% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2013 \u00ed 30% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2030 fyrir starfsemi sem ekki er h\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 kolefnisleka.\">kolefnislekastu\u00f0li<\/span> (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"CLEF: Carbon Leakage Exposure Factor.\">CLEF<\/span>) og <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Almenna lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttingarstu\u00f0linum er beitt til a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 heildar\u00fathlutun til fyrirt\u00e6kja innan ETS-kerfisins ver\u00f0i aldrei meiri en heildarfj\u00f6ldi tilt\u00e6kra losunarheimilda.\">almennum<\/span> lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttingarstu\u00f0li (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"CSCF: Cross Sectoral Correction Factor\">CSCF<\/span>). Loks er <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00dathlutun er reiknu\u00f0 sem: HALxBMxCLEFxCSCF.\">\u00fathlutun<\/span> losunarheimilda til rekstrara\u00f0ila a\u00f0l\u00f6gu\u00f0 a\u00f0 breytingum \u00e1 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00dathlutun breytist ef virkni starfsst\u00f6\u00f0var breytist um 15%. Rekstrara\u00f0ilar skila \u00e1rlega sk\u00fdrslu um starfsemisstig en \u00fat fr\u00e1 henni er framangreint skilyr\u00f0i meti\u00f0.\">starfsemisstigi<\/span>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ESB stefnir a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 me\u00f0 t\u00edmanum ver\u00f0i allar losunarheimildir \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptakerfinu bo\u00f0nar upp. \u00deessi stefna er n\u00fa \u00feegar komin til framkv\u00e6mda var\u00f0andi fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed raforkuframlei\u00f0slu en \u00feau \u00feurfa almennt a\u00f0 kaupa allar s\u00ednar losunarheimildir \u00e1 marka\u00f0i. Stefnan er hins vegar innleidd \u00ed \u00e1f\u00f6ngum hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar i\u00f0na\u00f0arstarfsemi. \u00deannig var almenna reglan s\u00fa a\u00f0 endurgjaldslaus \u00fathlutun l\u00e6kka\u00f0i \u00far 80% af margfeldi HAL og BM (lei\u00f0r\u00e9tt me\u00f0 almenna lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttingarstu\u00f0linum) \u00e1ri\u00f0 2013 \u00ed 30% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020. Starfsemi sem talin er vi\u00f0kv\u00e6m fyrir kolefnisleka hefur hins vegar hinga\u00f0 til fengi\u00f0 \u00fathluta\u00f0 100% af margfeldi HAL og BM (lei\u00f0r\u00e9tt me\u00f0 almenna lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttingarstu\u00f0linum). Mikilv\u00e6gar breytingar ver\u00f0a \u00e1 \u00fathlutun endurgjaldslausra losunarheimilda til fyrirt\u00e6kja sem talin eru vi\u00f0kv\u00e6m fyrir kolefnisleka me\u00f0 <strong>innlei\u00f0ingu svokalla\u00f0s<\/strong> <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism\"><strong>CBAM<\/strong><\/span><strong>-kerfis<\/strong>, sem n\u00e6r til a\u00f0 byrja me\u00f0 t.d. yfir framlei\u00f0slu \u00e1 j\u00e1rni og st\u00e1li, \u00e1li og tilb\u00fanum \u00e1bur\u00f0i. S\u00e9rstakt kolefnisgjald (kolefnislei\u00f0r\u00e9tting) ver\u00f0ur lagt \u00e1 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Innflutningsa\u00f0ilar \u00feurfa a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a s\u00e9r \u00fati um svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 CBAM-vottor\u00f0 sem skila \u00fearf inn \u00ed CBAM-skr\u00e1ningarkerfi (svipa\u00f0 og \u00feegar losunarheimildum \u00ed ETS er skila\u00f0 inn \u00ed skr\u00e1ningarkerfi fyrir losunarheimildir).\">innflutning<\/span> \u00feessara vara inn \u00e1 EES-sv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 og mun gjaldi\u00f0 taka mi\u00f0 af \u00feeirri losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda sem \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 vi\u00f0 framlei\u00f0slu \u00feeirra, ver\u00f0i \u00e1 losunarheimildum \u00ed ETS og <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"S\u00e9 losun ver\u00f0l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi framlei\u00f0slulandi er teki\u00f0 tillit til \u00feess.\">regluverki<\/span> \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi framlei\u00f0slulandi. Me\u00f0 CBAM ver\u00f0ur endurgjaldslaus \u00fathlutun til starfsst\u00f6\u00f0va sem framlei\u00f0a umr\u00e6ddar&nbsp;<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"CBAM-kerfi\u00f0 mun hugsanlega n\u00e1 til fleiri vara \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni.\">v\u00f6rur<\/span> skert \u00ed \u00e1f\u00f6ngum me\u00f0 svok\u00f6llu\u00f0um <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Stu\u00f0ull sem dregur \u00far hlutdeild endurgjaldslausrar \u00fathlutunar mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 reikna\u00f0a \u00fathlutun skv. fyrri reglum.\">CBAM-stu\u00f0li<\/span>. \u00dathlutunin ver\u00f0ur \u00f3breytt \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 fyrri reglur vi\u00f0skiptakerfisins til og me\u00f0 2025, en dregst saman \u00e1rlega fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2026 og leggst af \u00e1ri\u00f0 2034. Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nar <em><a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/faer-i-55\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00cdtargrein: F\u00e6r \u00ed 55<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0 n\u00e6r sem fyrr segir til <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00c1ri\u00f0 2026 mun ESB leggja mat \u00e1 hvort CORSIA n\u00e1i langt\u00edmamarkmi\u00f0um ICAO um samdr\u00e1tt \u00ed losun fr\u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aflugi. Ver\u00f0i mat ESB \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edmapunkti a\u00f0 CORSIA muni ekki skila n\u00e6gjanlegum \u00e1rangri, ver\u00f0ur ETS-kerfi\u00f0 l\u00e1ti\u00f0 n\u00e1 til alls flugs sem tekur \u00e1 loft fr\u00e1 evr\u00f3pskum flugv\u00f6llum fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2027.\">Evr\u00f3puflugs<\/span>, \u00fe.e. milli flugvalla \u00ed r\u00edkjum \u00e1 Evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0inu. Auk \u00feess n\u00e6r kerfi\u00f0 til flugs fr\u00e1 flugv\u00f6llum innan EES <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Flug fr\u00e1 flugv\u00f6llum \u00ed Bretlandi til flugvalla \u00e1 EES-sv\u00e6\u00f0inu fellur undir breska vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0 (UK-ETS) og flug fr\u00e1 flugv\u00f6llum \u00ed Sviss til flugvalla \u00e1 EES-sv\u00e6\u00f0inu undir svissneska vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0 (CH-ETS).\">til<\/span> flugvalla \u00ed Bretlandi og Sviss. Flugrekendur \u00feurfa a\u00f0 standa skil \u00e1 losunarheimildum vegna losunar <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2025 skulu flugrekendur vakta og skila losunarsk\u00fdrslum vegna \u00fe\u00e1tta sem hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 loftslagi\u00f0, annarra en kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s. H\u00e9r er m.a. \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 k\u00f6fnunarefnisox\u00ed\u00f0, s\u00f3tagnir, brennisteinssamb\u00f6nd og vatnsgufu. Tali\u00f0 er a\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00feessara \u00fe\u00e1tta \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 flug s\u00e9u a.m.k. jafnmikil og \u00e1hrif kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s. \u00cd \u00e1rslok 2027 ver\u00f0ur tekin \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um hvort losun \u00feessara \u00fe\u00e1tta muni falla undir ETS.\">kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s<\/span> \u00e1 ofangreindum fluglei\u00f0um. Hluta losunarheimilda til flugrekenda hefur veri\u00f0 \u00fathluta\u00f0 \u00e1n endurgjalds. Endurgjaldslaus \u00fathlutun til flugrekenda\u00a0mun fara stigminnkandi \u00e1rin 2024 og 2025 og leggjast af fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 \u00e1rinu <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Flugrekendur, sem flj\u00faga til og fr\u00e1 \u00cdslandi, geta s\u00f3tt um vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar\u00fathlutun endurgjaldslausra losunarheimilda \u00e1rin 2025 og 2026 - skilyr\u00f0i fyrir sl\u00edkri vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar\u00fathlutun er a\u00f0 vi\u00f0komandi flugrekendur hafi skila\u00f0 og vinni eftir kolefnishlutleysis\u00e1\u00e6tlun. Eigi vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar\u00fathlutun s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 mun samsvarandi fj\u00f6ldi losunarheimilda ekki ver\u00f0a bo\u00f0inn upp fyrir \u00cdslands h\u00f6nd \u00e1 sameiginlegum uppbo\u00f0svettvangi ESB og \u00fev\u00ed ver\u00f0ur \u00edslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 af uppbo\u00f0stekjum sem \u00fev\u00ed nemur.\">2026<\/span>. Auk \u00feess a\u00f0 dragast saman \u00e1rlega \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 l\u00ednulega <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"LRF = 4,2% \u00e1rin 2024 og 2025.\">samdr\u00e1ttarstu\u00f0ulinn<\/span> ver\u00f0ur heimildum f\u00e6kka\u00f0 um 25% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2024 og 50% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2025. Fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 \u00e1rinu 2026 munu flugrekendur \u00fev\u00ed \u00feurfa a\u00f0 kaupa allar losunarheimildir sem \u00feeir \u00feurfa \u00e1 a\u00f0 halda. Flugrekendur munu \u00fe\u00f3 fr\u00e1 2024 til 2030 geta s\u00f3tt um \u00fathlutun svokalla\u00f0ra SAF-<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00cd \u00feeim tilgangi a\u00f0 standa straum af hluta e\u00f0a \u00f6llum ver\u00f0\u00admun \u00e1 jar\u00f0eldsneyti og sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ru flugeldsneyti ver\u00f0ur 20 millj\u00f3num SAF\u00ad-heimilda \u00fathluta\u00f0 til flugrekenda \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 2024-2030. H\u00e6gt ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00fathluta\u00f0 SAF-heimildum sem samsvara \u00ed ver\u00f0gildi hluta af ver\u00f0mun \u00e1 jar\u00f0eldsneyti og sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ru flugeldsneyti. S\u00e9 sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ra flugeldsneyti\u00f0 keypt \u00e1 flugv\u00f6llum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi ver\u00f0ur m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00fathluta\u00f0 SAF-heimildum sem samsvara \u00ed ver\u00f0gildi heildarver\u00f0muni \u00e1 jar\u00f0eldsneyti og sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ru flugeldsneyti - \u00feetta er \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 a\u00f0l\u00f6gun \u00cdslands a\u00f0 tilskipuninni.\">heimilda<\/span> sem grund\u00advall\u00adast \u00e1 magni sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rs flugeldsneytis <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"SAF: Sustainable Aviation Fuels. SAF mun \u00feurfa a\u00f0 uppfylla tiltekin skilyr\u00f0i.\">(SAF)<\/span> sem nota\u00f0 er \u00ed flugfer\u00f0um sem heyra undir ETS. Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nar <em><a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/faer-i-55\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00cdtargrein: F\u00e6r \u00ed 55<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skipaf\u00e9l\u00f6g \u00feurfa a\u00f0 standa skil \u00e1 losunarheimildum vegna losunar <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Metan og gla\u00f0loft b\u00e6tast vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2026.\">kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s<\/span> fr\u00e1 far\u00feega- og flutningaskipum yfir 5.000 br\u00fatt\u00f3tonnum. Skyldan n\u00e6r til allrar losunar vegna fer\u00f0a milli hafna innan EES-sv\u00e6\u00f0isins, allrar losunar sem \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00e1 me\u00f0an skip er \u00ed h\u00f6fn \u00e1 Evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0inu og helmings losunar vegna fer\u00f0a milli hafnar innan EES og hafnar \u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ja r\u00edki. Uppgj\u00f6rsskyldan ver\u00f0ur innleidd \u00ed \u00e1f\u00f6ngum. Gera \u00fearf upp losunarheimildir vegna 40% losunar \u00e1rsins 2024, 70% losunar \u00e1rsins 2025 og 100% losunar fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 \u00e1rinu 2026. Engum losunarheimildum ver\u00f0ur \u00fathluta\u00f0 endurgjaldslaust til skipaf\u00e9laga og ver\u00f0a \u00feau \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kaupa allar \u00fe\u00e6r losunarheimildir sem \u00feau \u00feurfa \u00e1 a\u00f0 halda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00de\u00e1tttakendur \u00ed kerfinu \u00feurfa a\u00f0 <strong>gera upp losun s\u00edna <\/strong><span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00de\u00e1tttakendur \u00ed kerfinu skulu, fyrir 30. september \u00e1r hvert, standa skil \u00e1 \u00feeim fj\u00f6lda losunarheimilda sem jafngilda heildarlosun hans \u00e1 undangengnu almanaks\u00e1ri.\"><strong>\u00e1rlega<\/strong><\/span>. \u00deegar losun er meiri en sem nemur \u00fathlutun endurgjaldslausra losunarheimilda (\u00fear sem h\u00fan \u00e1 vi\u00f0) \u00feurfa fyrirt\u00e6ki a\u00f0 kaupa heimildir \u00e1 marka\u00f0i. \u00deau \u00feurfa me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a fyrir losun s\u00edna upp a\u00f0 tilteknu marki e\u00f0a a\u00f0 \u00f6llu leyti. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fathlutun losunarheimilda og losun \u00edslenskra fyrirt\u00e6kja (flugrekenda og i\u00f0nfyrirt\u00e6kja) fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2013 \u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/maelabord\/losun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>M\u00e6labor\u00f0i<\/em><\/a> um losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tiltekinn fj\u00f6ldi EUA-losunarheimilda er bo\u00f0inn upp af a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjunum og f\u00e1 r\u00edkin tekjur af uppbo\u00f0unum. N\u00fdta skal st\u00f3ran hluta teknanna \u00ed a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c1 t\u00edmabilinu 2013-2020 voru s\u00e9rstakar flugheimildir (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"EUAA: EU Aviation Allowances\">EUAA<\/span>) gefnar \u00fat. Fyrirt\u00e6kjum \u00ed i\u00f0na\u00f0i og orkustarfsemi var ekki heimilt a\u00f0 nota flugheimildir \u00ed s\u00ednu uppgj\u00f6ri. Flugrekendur m\u00e1ttu hins vegar b\u00e6\u00f0i n\u00fdta flugheimildir og hef\u00f0bundnar losunarheimildir (EUA). \u00dev\u00ed g\u00e1tu flugrekendur uppfyllt skyldur s\u00ednar \u00ed kerfinu \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 losun fr\u00e1 flugi hafi aukist t\u00f6luvert fr\u00e1 2013-2020 og \u00ed raun veri\u00f0 meiri en sem nam fj\u00f6lda \u00fatgefinna flugheimilda (EUAA). Fj\u00f6ldi heimilda sem gefinn er \u00fat vegna flugstarfsemi er innan vi\u00f0 2% af heildarfj\u00f6lda \u00fatgefinna losunarheimilda, enda losun fr\u00e1 flugi mj\u00f6g l\u00edtil samanbori\u00f0 vi\u00f0 losun fr\u00e1 sta\u00f0bundinni starfsemi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"highcharts-5FXLRKdRD\"  class=\"highcharts-5FXLRKdRD\"><script src=\"https:\/\/app.everviz.com\/inject\/5FXLRKdRD\/\" defer=\"defer\"><\/script><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi ESB me\u00f0 losunarheimildir Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi ESB me\u00f0 , , var komi\u00f0 \u00e1 f\u00f3t \u00e1ri\u00f0 2005. Fyrsta vi\u00f0skiptat\u00edmabil kerfisins st\u00f3\u00f0 fr\u00e1 2005 til 2008 og var eins konar prufukeyrsla \u00e1 kerfinu. Anna\u00f0 vi\u00f0skiptat\u00edmabil kerfisins var fr\u00e1 2008 til 2012 og hi\u00f0 \u00feri\u00f0ja fr\u00e1 2013 til 2020, en \u00feessi tv\u00f6 t\u00edmabil n\u00e1\u00f0u yfir s\u00f6mu \u00e1r og fyrra [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":313,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":[],"categories":[9],"class_list":["post-185","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-itarefni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}