{"id":235,"date":"2021-03-10T10:15:53","date_gmt":"2021-03-10T10:15:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/?post_type=article&#038;p=235"},"modified":"2024-01-28T22:24:13","modified_gmt":"2024-01-28T22:24:13","slug":"esb-og-kyoto","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/esb-og-kyoto\/","title":{"rendered":"Samstarf Evr\u00f3pur\u00edkja \u00ed Kyoto-b\u00f3kuninni"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Sem fyrr segir h\u00f3fst samstarf Evr\u00f3pur\u00edkja \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum \u00feegar \u00feau \u00e1kv\u00e1\u00f0u a\u00f0 efna skuldbindingar s\u00ednar \u00ed Kyoto-b\u00f3kuninni sameiginlega og bar \u00feeim a\u00f0 n\u00e1 8% samdr\u00e6tti \u00ed losun \u00e1\u00a0fyrra\u00a0skuldbindingat\u00edmabilinu mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 1990. \u00c1 \u00feeim t\u00edma voru sambandsr\u00edkin 15 og ger\u00f0u \u00feau me\u00f0 s\u00e9r samning um a\u00f0 kr\u00f6funni um 8% samdr\u00e1tt yr\u00f0i dreift innbyr\u00f0is milli r\u00edkjanna \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00f3l\u00edkar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feeirra. Skv. samningnum breyttust skuldbindingar r\u00edkjanna og m\u00e1ttu t.a.m. sum r\u00edki auka losun (t.d. m\u00e1tti Port\u00fagal auka losun um 28%) \u00e1 me\u00f0an \u00f6\u00f0rum r\u00edkjum bar a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun langt umfram 8% (t.d. Danm\u00f6rk og \u00de\u00fdskaland um 21% og L\u00faxemborg um 27%). \u00c1 s\u00ed\u00f0ara skuldbindingat\u00edmabili Kyoto-b\u00f3kunarinnar voru ESB-r\u00edkin or\u00f0in 28 og vi\u00f0skiptakerfi ESB me\u00f0 losunarheimildir haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 komi\u00f0 \u00e1 f\u00f3t. ESB-r\u00edkin efndu skuldbindingar s\u00ednar aftur sameiginlega og bar a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun um 20% til \u00e1rsins 2020 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 1990. Til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 markmi\u00f0um s\u00ednum \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ara skuldbindingat\u00edmabili Kyoto-b\u00f3kunarinnar fr\u00e1 2013-2020 kom ESB tv\u00edskiptu kerfi \u00e1 laggirnar og var losun skipt upp \u00ed tvo meginflokka \u2013 annars vegar losun fr\u00e1 flugi og sta\u00f0bundinni starfsemi sem fellur undir\u00a0<strong>vi\u00f0skiptakerfi me\u00f0 losunarheimildir<\/strong>\u00a0og hins vegar samf\u00e9lagslosun sem fellur undir\u00a0<strong>kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"article-block\"><figure id=\"chart6381216a071e1850ff5\" class=\"ls-chart\" data-data=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/ESB_burden_sharing.csv\" data-type=\"esbkyotoskuldbindingar\" data-dataurl=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/\" ><div id=\"chart6381216a071e1850ff5-chart\" class=\"frame chart-frame\"><\/div><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0 <\/strong>tekur til losunar fr\u00e1 sta\u00f0bundinni starfsemi \u00ed orkuframlei\u00f0slu og \u00feungai\u00f0na\u00f0i (s.s. ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0vum, framlei\u00f0slu m\u00e1lma, sements, o.fl.) og n\u00e6r til um 40% losunar \u00e1 Evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0inu. Markmi\u00f0 ESB var a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun innan kerfisins um <strong>21% fyrir \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020<\/strong> mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unar\u00e1r fyrir kerfi ESB til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun er \u00e1ri\u00f0 2005. \u00de\u00e1 haf\u00f0i losun ESB-r\u00edkjanna \u00feegar dregist saman um 6% og var nau\u00f0synlegur \u00e1framhaldandi samdr\u00e1ttur reikna\u00f0ur mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1r til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 \u00feeim markmi\u00f0um sem ESB setti s\u00e9r fyrir \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020.\">2005<\/span>. Fyrirt\u00e6ki innan kerfisins \u00feurfa a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a s\u00e9r \u00fati um <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"EUA: EU Allowances.\">EUA<\/span>-losunarheimildir \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 losun s\u00edna. Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0 tekur einnig til flugs innan Evr\u00f3pu \u00fear sem markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 var a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun fr\u00e1 flugi um 5% til 2020 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 me\u00f0altalslosun fr\u00e1 flugi \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 2004-2006. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar (Effort Sharing)<\/strong> tekur til samf\u00e9lagslosunar, \u00fe.e.a.s. til annarrar losunar en \u00feeirrar sem fellur undir vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0 (\u00fe.e. losunar fr\u00e1 heimilum, \u00fej\u00f3nustu, samg\u00f6ngum, landb\u00fana\u00f0i, sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegi, sm\u00e1i\u00f0na\u00f0i og \u00fargangi). Markmi\u00f0 ESB var a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00feessari losun um <strong>10% fyrir \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020<\/strong> mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2005. R\u00edkjum var \u00fathluta\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0num fj\u00f6lda <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"AEA: Annual Emission Allocation.\">AEA<\/span>-heimilda sem minnka\u00f0i l\u00ednulega \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu og var \u00fathlutunin fyrir hvert ESB-r\u00edki \u00e1kve\u00f0in \u00fat fr\u00e1 hagvexti \u00e1 \u00edb\u00faa og t\u00e6kif\u00e6rum og kostna\u00f0i vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi landi. \u00dev\u00ed var misjafnt milli r\u00edkja hversu miki\u00f0 \u00feau skyldu draga \u00far losun. <\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"highcharts-LxUz6v-IR\"  class=\"highcharts-LxUz6v-IR\"><script src=\"https:\/\/app.everviz.com\/inject\/LxUz6v-IR\/\" defer=\"defer\"><\/script><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sem fyrr segir h\u00f3fst samstarf Evr\u00f3pur\u00edkja \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum \u00feegar \u00feau \u00e1kv\u00e1\u00f0u a\u00f0 efna skuldbindingar s\u00ednar \u00ed Kyoto-b\u00f3kuninni sameiginlega og bar \u00feeim a\u00f0 n\u00e1 8% samdr\u00e6tti \u00ed losun \u00e1\u00a0fyrra\u00a0skuldbindingat\u00edmabilinu mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 1990. \u00c1 \u00feeim t\u00edma voru sambandsr\u00edkin 15 og ger\u00f0u \u00feau me\u00f0 s\u00e9r samning um a\u00f0 kr\u00f6funni um 8% samdr\u00e1tt yr\u00f0i dreift innbyr\u00f0is milli r\u00edkjanna \u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":177,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":[],"categories":[9],"class_list":["post-235","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-itarefni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/177"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}