{"id":680,"date":"2021-11-15T19:47:31","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T19:47:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/?post_type=article&#038;p=680"},"modified":"2025-05-24T22:18:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-24T22:18:08","slug":"hvers-vegna-er-samfelagslosun-meiri-a-hvern-ibua-herlendis-en-i-rikjum-esb-thratt-fyrir-hreinu-orku-islands","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/hvers-vegna-er-samfelagslosun-meiri-a-hvern-ibua-herlendis-en-i-rikjum-esb-thratt-fyrir-hreinu-orku-islands\/","title":{"rendered":"Hvers vegna er samf\u00e9lagslosun meiri \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e9rlendis en \u00ed r\u00edkjum ESB?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-in-data-column-and-sticky\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"925\" height=\"765\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/samflosun.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/samflosun.png 925w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/samflosun-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/samflosun-768x635.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 925px) 100vw, 925px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Samf\u00e9lagslosun, \u00fe.e. losun fr\u00e1 heimilum, \u00fej\u00f3nustu, samg\u00f6ngum, fiskiskipum, landb\u00fana\u00f0i, sm\u00e1i\u00f0na\u00f0i og \u00fargangi, fellur undir kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c1ri\u00f0 2023 var losun \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa 11,8 tonn <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00deegar losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda er talin fram er mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s\u00edgildi \u2013 sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nar \u00ed kaflanum &lt;em&gt;Hugt\u00f6k og or\u00f0sk\u00fdringar.&lt;\/em&gt; \u00cd \u00feessari umfj\u00f6llun um samf\u00e9lagslosun er me\u00f0 &lt;em&gt;tonnum&lt;\/em&gt; alltaf \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 &lt;em&gt;tonn kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s\u00edgilda.&lt;\/em&gt;\">kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s\u00edgilda<\/span> h\u00e9rlendis en 6,9 tonn innan ESB (h\u00e9r er losun vegna <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00deegar losun er borin saman \u00e1 milli landa er losun vegna landnotkunar oftast sleppt. Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nar \u00ed kaflanum &lt;em&gt;Hugt\u00f6k og or\u00f0sk\u00fdringar&lt;\/em&gt;.\">landnotkunar<\/span> ekki talin me\u00f0). \u00dear af nam <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Losun fr\u00e1 heimilum, \u00fej\u00f3nustu, samg\u00f6ngum, fiskiskipum, landb\u00fana\u00f0i, sm\u00e1i\u00f0na\u00f0i og \u00fargangi.\">samf\u00e9lagslosun<\/span>, \u00fe.e. s\u00fa losun sem fellur undir kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"ESR: Effort Sharing Regulation.\">ESR<\/span>), 7,1 tonni \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e9rlendis en 4,5 tonnum \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa innan ESB. Losun vegna orkuframlei\u00f0slu og \u00feungai\u00f0na\u00f0ar, \u00fe.e. losun fr\u00e1 sta\u00f0bundinni starfsemi sem fellur undir vi\u00f0skiptakerfi ESB me\u00f0 losunarheimildir (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"ETS: Emissions Trading System.\">ETS<\/span>), nam 4,7 tonnum \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e9rlendis en 2,4 tonnum \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa \u00ed ESB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Athygli vekur a\u00f0 samf\u00e9lagslosun \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e9rlendis er meiri en \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa ESB \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir hreinu \u00edslensku orkuna. Hvernig \u00e6tli standi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fyrst er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 taka fram a\u00f0 st\u00f3r hluti <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Framlei\u00f0sla rafmagns og hita.\">orkuframlei\u00f0slu<\/span> innan ESB fellur undir vi\u00f0skiptakerfi ESB me\u00f0 losunarheimildir og er \u00fev\u00ed ekki hluti af samf\u00e9lagslosun. Losun jar\u00f0varmavirkjana fellur hins vegar undir samf\u00e9lagslosun. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir \u00feessa sta\u00f0reynd er losun sem fellur undir ETS einnig meiri \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e9rlendis en \u00ed ESB eins og kom fram h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ef samf\u00e9lagslosunin er greind n\u00e1nar, m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 a\u00f0 talsver\u00f0ur munur er \u00e1 samsetningu losunar h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi annars vegar og \u00ed <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"H\u00e9r er veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 fjalla um me\u00f0altal ESB-r\u00edkja en a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfs\u00f6g\u00f0u er talsver\u00f0ur breytileiki \u00ed samsetningu samf\u00e9lagslosunar milli r\u00edkja ESB.\">l\u00f6ndum ESB<\/span> hins vegar. Eins og v\u00e6nta m\u00e1 er losun fiskiskipaflotans h\u00e9r mun meiri \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa (1,22 tonn \u00e1 \u00edb\u00faa) en hj\u00e1 r\u00edkjum ESB (0,01 tonn \u00e1 \u00edb\u00faa), enda sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegur ein af meginsto\u00f0um atvinnul\u00edfsins h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. Losun jar\u00f0varmavirkjana er um 0,46 tonn \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e9rlendis en n\u00e1nast engin \u00ed r\u00edkjum ESB. Losun vegna bygginga (h\u00fashitun og eldamennska) er e\u00f0li m\u00e1lsins samkv\u00e6mt mun meiri \u00ed ESB-r\u00edkjum en h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, enda n\u00e1nast \u00f6ll h\u00fas h\u00e9rlendis kynt me\u00f0 endurn\u00fdjanlegri orku. Losun vegna bygginga er 0,02 tonn \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e9rlendis en 0,82 tonn \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa \u00ed r\u00edkjum ESB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Athyglisvert er a\u00f0 a\u00f0rir \u00fe\u00e6ttir, s.s. vegasamg\u00f6ngur, landb\u00fana\u00f0ur, notkun fl\u00faorgasa (F-g\u00f6s) og me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun \u00fargangs valda meiri losun h\u00e9rlendis en \u00ed r\u00edkjum ESB. B\u00edlafloti \u00cdslendinga er st\u00f3r (b\u00e6\u00f0i margir b\u00edlar \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa og ey\u00f0slufrekir) og vegalengdir h\u00e9r oft langar. Losun vegna vegasamgangna h\u00e9rlendis er 2,35 tonn \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa en 1,69 tonn \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa ESB-r\u00edkja. Losun vegna landb\u00fana\u00f0ar er um 1,85 tonn \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e9rlendis en 0,81 tonn \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa \u00ed r\u00edkjum ESB. Landb\u00fana\u00f0ur h\u00e9rlendis er e\u00f0li m\u00e1lsins samkv\u00e6mt einh\u00e6fari en \u00ed r\u00edkjum ESB, auk \u00feess sem hann byggir meira \u00e1 j\u00f3rturd\u00fdrum (k\u00fam og kindum) en a\u00f0 jafna\u00f0i \u00ed l\u00f6ndum ESB. Losun fl\u00faorgasa er um 0,41 tonn \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e9rlendis en 0,13 tonn \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa \u00ed r\u00edkjum ESB. \u00deessa losun m\u00e1 a\u00f0 langmestu leyti rekja til notkunar HFC-k\u00e6limi\u00f0la. St\u00f3r hluti \u00feessara k\u00e6limi\u00f0la er nota\u00f0ur um bor\u00f0 \u00ed skipum h\u00e9rlendis og \u00fev\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u00e6ntanlega a\u00f0 miklu leyti sk\u00fdra \u00feennan mun me\u00f0 st\u00e6r\u00f0 fiskiskipaflotans en auk \u00feess hefur \u00fatf\u00f6sun \u00feessara efni veri\u00f0 h\u00e6gari h\u00e9r en \u00ed ESB. Losun vegna me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlunar \u00fargangs er n\u00e6stum \u00ferefalt meiri \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e9rlendis (0,65 tonn \u00e1 \u00edb\u00faa) en \u00ed r\u00edkjum ESB (0,24 tonn \u00e1 \u00edb\u00faa). \u00deetta liggur einkum \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00e6gar hefur gengi\u00f0 a\u00f0 draga \u00far ur\u00f0un \u00fargangs h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi en \u00ed l\u00f6ndum Evr\u00f3pu, auk \u00feess sem <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Metangas myndast \u00e1 ur\u00f0unarst\u00f6\u00f0um vegna loftfirr\u00f0s ni\u00f0urbrots \u00e1 l\u00edfr\u00e6nu efni \u00ed \u00farganginum. \u00c1 flestum st\u00e6rri ur\u00f0unarst\u00f6\u00f0um er \u00feessu gasi safna\u00f0 \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 losni ekki \u00fat \u00ed andr\u00famslofti\u00f0. Gass\u00f6fnunarhlutfall segir til um hversu st\u00f3rum hluta \u00feess gass sem myndast \u00e1 ur\u00f0unarst\u00f6\u00f0um er safna\u00f0.\">gass\u00f6fnunarhlutfall<\/span> \u00e1 ur\u00f0unarst\u00f6\u00f0um h\u00e9rlendis er l\u00e6gra. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 samanbur\u00f0 \u00e1 samf\u00e9lagslosun Nor\u00f0urlandanna \u00e1\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/maelabord\/losun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>M\u00e6labor\u00f0i<\/em><\/a>\u00a0um losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"highcharts-OrW_XwaP5\"  class=\"highcharts-OrW_XwaP5\"><script src=\"https:\/\/app.everviz.com\/inject\/OrW_XwaP5\/\" defer=\"defer\"><\/script><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c1ri\u00f0 2023 var losun \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa 11,8 tonn h\u00e9rlendis en 6,9 tonn innan ESB (h\u00e9r er losun vegna ekki talin me\u00f0). \u00dear af nam , \u00fe.e. s\u00fa losun sem fellur undir kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar (), 7,1 tonni \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa h\u00e9rlendis en 4,5 tonnum \u00e1 hvern \u00edb\u00faa innan ESB. Losun vegna orkuframlei\u00f0slu og [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":371,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":[],"categories":[9],"class_list":["post-680","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-itarefni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}