{"id":789,"date":"2022-08-07T20:12:01","date_gmt":"2022-08-07T20:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/?post_type=article&#038;p=789"},"modified":"2025-05-25T00:00:25","modified_gmt":"2025-05-25T00:00:25","slug":"faer-i-55","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/faer-i-55\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u00e6r \u00ed 55"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-block\"><figure id=\"chart8797216a072b8e9e369\" class=\"ls-chart\" data-data=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/faer-i-55.csv\" data-type=\"faer-i-55\" data-dataurl=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/\" ><div id=\"chart8797216a072b8e9e369-chart\" class=\"frame chart-frame\"><\/div><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rn ESB lag\u00f0i \u00ed j\u00fal\u00ed 2021 fram a\u00f0ger\u00f0apakka sem fengi\u00f0 hefur nafni\u00f0 \u201eFit for 55\u201c og kalla m\u00e6tti <em>F\u00e6r \u00ed 55<\/em>&nbsp;\u00e1 \u00edslensku. Nafni\u00f0 er dregi\u00f0 af markmi\u00f0i ESB um a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun um a.m.k. 55% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2030 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 1990, sem er \u00e1fangamarkmi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1tt a\u00f0 kolefnishlutlausri Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1ri\u00f0 2050. A\u00f0ger\u00f0apakkinn var settur saman \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar \u00feess a\u00f0 ESB skila\u00f0i uppf\u00e6r\u00f0u <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"ESB skila\u00f0i uppf\u00e6r\u00f0u landsframlagi (NDC) \u00ed desember 2020. N\u00fdja markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 kve\u00f0ur \u00e1 um 55% samdr\u00e1tt \u00ed losun til 2030 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 1990, \u00ed sta\u00f0 40% \u00e1\u00f0ur.\">landsframlagi<\/span> til Par\u00edsarsamningsins, og samanstendur hann af fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum ger\u00f0um sem breyttu gildandi l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f ESB \u00e1 svi\u00f0i loftslags- og orkum\u00e1la, sem og n\u00fdjum ger\u00f0um sem \u00e6tla\u00f0 er a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 loftslagsmarkmi\u00f0 ESB n\u00e1ist. A\u00f0ger\u00f0apakkinn undirstrikar st\u00f6\u00f0u ESB sem lei\u00f0andi afls \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legri bar\u00e1ttu gegn loftslagsbreytingum og \u00e1 auk ofangreinds a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Umskiptin yfir \u00ed l\u00e1gkolefnahagkerfi ver\u00f0i r\u00e9ttl\u00e1t og samf\u00e9lagslega sanngj\u00f6rn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A\u00f0 n\u00fdsk\u00f6pun og samkeppnish\u00e6fni i\u00f0na\u00f0ar \u00ed ESB s\u00e9 vi\u00f0haldi\u00f0 og styrkt \u00e1 sama t\u00edma og samkeppnisskilyr\u00f0i gagnvart rekstrara\u00f0ilum \u00ed l\u00f6ndum utan ESB eru trygg\u00f0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Til a\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 ESB \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum n\u00e1ist \u00fearf samvinnu ESB og a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkja \u00feess. A\u00f0ger\u00f0apakkinn inniheldur \u00fev\u00ed \u2013 auk breytinga \u00e1 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Meginkerfi ESB til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun eru \u00ferj\u00fa: Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi ESB me\u00f0 losunarheimildir (ETS), kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar (ESR) og landnotkunarkerfi\u00f0 (LULUCF).\">meginkerfum<\/span> ESB til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun \u2013 \u00fdmiss konar regluverk sem sty\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjanna heima fyrir. \u00cd pakkanum eru m.a. sett fram uppf\u00e6r\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 var\u00f0andi losun fr\u00e1 tilteknum geirum og uppsprettum. Hver og ein ger\u00f0 pakkans felur \u00ed s\u00e9r framlag til heildarstefnu ESB \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum og er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e6r \u00ed samhengi \u00fear sem \u00fe\u00e6r tengjast innbyr\u00f0is. Um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a eftirfarandi ger\u00f0ir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Breytingar \u00e1 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Efnahagskreppan fr\u00e1 2007-2012 dr\u00f3 \u00far eftirspurn eftir losunarheimildum. Frambo\u00f0i\u00f0 var hins vegar \u00f3breytt. \u00deessi sta\u00f0a leiddi til ver\u00f0hruns \u00e1 losunarheimildum. Marka\u00f0sst\u00f6\u00f0ugleikasj\u00f3\u00f0num var komi\u00f0 \u00e1 f\u00f3t til a\u00f0 verjast ver\u00f0sveiflum \u00e1 marka\u00f0num og stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ver\u00f0 losunarheimilda haldist n\u00e6gilega h\u00e1tt til a\u00f0 tryggja hvata fyrirt\u00e6kja til a\u00f0 innlei\u00f0a loftslagsv\u00e6nar t\u00e6knin\u00fdjungar.\">Marka\u00f0sst\u00f6\u00f0ugleikasj\u00f3\u00f0i<\/span>&nbsp; ETS-kerfisins (EU ETS market stability reserve).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kerfi um kolefnisgjald \u00e1 innflutning, n\u00fd ger\u00f0 (Carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Samf\u00e9lagslega loftslagssj\u00f3\u00f0num er \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 umskiptin yfir \u00ed l\u00e1gkolefnahagkerfi ver\u00f0i r\u00e9ttl\u00e1t og samf\u00e9lagslega sanngj\u00f6rn.\">Samf\u00e9lagslegi loftslagssj\u00f3\u00f0urinn<\/span>, n\u00fd ger\u00f0 (Social climate fund).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breytingar \u00e1 ETS-tilskipuninni (EU ETS directive).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breytingar \u00e1 ETS-tilskipuninni var\u00f0andi flugrekstur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tilkynning vegna <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) er vi\u00f0skiptakerfi \u00e1 vegum ICAO (Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aflugm\u00e1lastofnunar) sem \u00e6tla\u00f0 er a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 v\u00f6xtur \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aflugi ver\u00f0i kolefnishlutlaus fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 \u00e1rinu 2021.\">CORSIA<\/span>, n\u00fd ger\u00f0 (Notification on CORSIA).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breytingar \u00e1 kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s-losunarst\u00f6\u00f0lum fyrir f\u00f3lks- og sendib\u00edla (CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions standards for cars and vans).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breyting \u00e1 regluger\u00f0 um innvi\u00f0auppbyggingu vegna \u00f3hef\u00f0bundinna orkugjafa (Alternative fuel infrastructure regulation).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regluger\u00f0 um j\u00f6fn skilyr\u00f0i fyrir sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rar flugsamg\u00f6ngur, n\u00fd ger\u00f0 (Regulation on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport (k\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u201eReFuelEU Aviation\u201c)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regluger\u00f0 um notkun endurn\u00fdjanlegs eldsneytis og l\u00e1gkolefnaeldsneytis \u00ed sj\u00f3flutningum, n\u00fd ger\u00f0 (Regulation on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport (k\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u201eFuelEU Maritime\u201c)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breyting \u00e1 tilskipun um orkun\u00fdtni bygginga (Energy performance of buildings directive).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regluger\u00f0 um metan, n\u00fd ger\u00f0 (Methane regulation).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breyting \u00e1 regluger\u00f0 um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar (Effort sharing regulation (ESR)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breyting \u00e1 tilskipun um gas og vetni (Gas and hydrogen directive).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breyting \u00e1 regluger\u00f0 um gas og vetni (Gas and hydrogen regulation).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breyting \u00e1 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Tilskipunin inniheldur m.a. sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rnivi\u00f0mi\u00f0 fyrir endurn\u00fdjanlega\/sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ra orkugjafa.\">tilskipun<\/span> um endurn\u00fdjanlega orku&nbsp;(Renewable energy directive (RED)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breyting \u00e1 orkun\u00fdtnitilskipuninni (Energy efficiency directive).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breyting \u00e1 tilskipun um <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Tilskipuninni ver\u00f0ur breytt \u00feannig a\u00f0 h\u00fan sty\u00f0ji betur vi\u00f0 loftslagsmarkmi\u00f0 og gr\u00e6n umskipti. \u00deetta ver\u00f0ur einkum gert \u00e1 tvo vegu: 1) me\u00f0 h\u00e6rri gj\u00f6ldum \u00e1 jar\u00f0eldsneyti og l\u00e6gri gj\u00f6ldum \u00e1 endurn\u00fdjanlega orku, og 2) me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a undan\u00fe\u00e1gur sem hafa veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0i vegna notkunar jar\u00f0eldsneytis \u00ed landb\u00fana\u00f0i, til h\u00fashitunar, \u00ed orkufrekum i\u00f0na\u00f0i, \u00ed flugi, \u00ed siglingum og vi\u00f0 fiskvei\u00f0ar.\">orkuskatta<\/span> (Energy taxation directive).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breyting \u00e1 regluger\u00f0 um landnotkun, breytta landnotkun og sk\u00f3gr\u00e6kt (LULUCF Regulation).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Eins og fram kemur \u00ed kaflanum um <em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">E<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">v<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">r<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">\u00f3<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">p<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">u<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">s<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">a<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">m<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">b<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">a<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">n<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">d<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">i<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\">\u00f0<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/article\/vidbrogd-althjodasamfelagsins\/#evropusambandid-og-loftslagsmal\" target=\"_blank\"> og loftslagsm\u00e1l<\/a><\/em>, hefur ESB sett upp \u00ferj\u00fa meginkerfi til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi me\u00f0 losunarheimildir (ETS) til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun vegna orkuframlei\u00f0slu, i\u00f0na\u00f0ar, flugs og siglinga.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar (ESR) til a\u00f0 draga \u00far samf\u00e9lagslosun.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Landnotkunarkerfi\u00f0 (LULUCF) til a\u00f0 auka bindingu og draga \u00far losun vegna landnotkunar. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eF\u00e6r \u00ed 55\u201c-a\u00f0ger\u00f0apakkinn lei\u00f0ir til talsver\u00f0ra breytinga \u00e1 \u00feessum \u00feremur kerfum. H\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir ver\u00f0ur fjalla\u00f0 n\u00e1nar um \u00feessar breytingar, auk \u00feess sem fjalla\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur stuttlega um breytingar er var\u00f0a losun fr\u00e1 flugi og millilandasiglingum. Allar till\u00f6gur a\u00f0ger\u00f0apakkans hafa veri\u00f0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"S\u00ed\u00f0ustu till\u00f6gur a\u00f0ger\u00f0apakkans voru sam\u00feykktar \u00ed okt\u00f3ber 2023. Allnokkrar breytingar ur\u00f0u \u00ed me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun Evr\u00f3pu\u00feingsins og r\u00e1\u00f0s Evr\u00f3pusambandsins fr\u00e1 upphaflegu till\u00f6gunum sem lag\u00f0ar voru fram \u00ed j\u00fali 2021.\">sam\u00feykktar<\/span>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/kerfin3fit55loka.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"556\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/kerfin3fit55loka-1024x556.png\" alt=\"Helstu breytingar \u00e1 meginkerfum ESB til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun. Breytingarnar eru me\u00f0 gulu letri.\" class=\"wp-image-948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/kerfin3fit55loka-1024x556.png 1024w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/kerfin3fit55loka-300x163.png 300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/kerfin3fit55loka-768x417.png 768w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/kerfin3fit55loka.png 1143w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Helstu breytingar \u00e1 meginkerfum ESB til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun. Breytingarnar eru me\u00f0 gulu letri.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Breytingar \u00e1 vi\u00f0skiptakerfi me\u00f0 losunarheimildir (ETS)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-in-data-column-and-sticky\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"998\" height=\"633\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/etsfaer55-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1095\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/etsfaer55-1.png 998w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/etsfaer55-1-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/etsfaer55-1-768x487.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 998px) 100vw, 998px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">ETS-kerfi\u00f0 t\u00f3k til losunar fr\u00e1 flugi og sta\u00f0bundinni starfsemi \u00ed orkuframlei\u00f0slu og i\u00f0na\u00f0i. Me\u00f0 \u201eF\u00e6r \u00ed 55\u201c-a\u00f0ger\u00f0apakkanum var losun vegna sj\u00f3flutninga felld undir kerfi\u00f0, auk \u00feess sem losun vegna eldsneytisbrennslu \u00ed vegasamg\u00f6ngum, vegna h\u00fashitunar og i\u00f0na\u00f0ar (sem ekki fellur \u00feegar undir ETS) og byggingarstarfsemi ver\u00f0ur felld undir n\u00fdtt hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt vi\u00f0skiptakerfi (ETS2).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u00f0skiptakerfi ESB me\u00f0 losunarheimildir \u2013 e\u00f0a <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Emission Trading System. Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nari umfj\u00f6llun \u00ed &lt;em&gt;\u00cdtargrein: Lykilsta\u00f0reyndir um ETS&lt;\/em&gt;.\">ETS<\/span> &nbsp;\u2013 tekur til losunar fr\u00e1 flugi innan EES og sta\u00f0bundinni starfsemi \u00ed orkuframlei\u00f0slu og \u00feungai\u00f0na\u00f0i (svo sem kolaorkuverum, ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0vum, framlei\u00f0slu m\u00e1lma, framlei\u00f0slu sements, o.fl.). Kerfi\u00f0 n\u00e6r til um 40% losunar \u00e1 Evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0inu. \u00cd ETS-kerfinu er sett <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00c1 ensku er svona kerfi kalla\u00f0&amp;nbsp;\u201ecap and trade\u201c sem \u00e1 \u00edslensku m\u00e6tti kalla \u201ehamla og h\u00f6ndla\u201c.\">\u00feak<\/span> \u00e1 heildarlosun, losunarheimildir gefnar \u00fat \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00feaki\u00f0 og vi\u00f0skipti leyf\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r. \u00deaki\u00f0, og \u00fear me\u00f0 fj\u00f6ldi losunarheimilda \u00ed kerfinu, l\u00e6kkar me\u00f0 \u00e1runum og \u00feannig n\u00e6st markmi\u00f0 um samdr\u00e1tt \u00ed losun. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fyrirt\u00e6ki innan kerfisins \u00feurfa \u00e1rlega a\u00f0 standa skil \u00e1 losunarheimildum \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 losun s\u00edna. Hluti losunarheimildanna er bo\u00f0inn upp af a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjunum en hluta er \u00fathluta\u00f0 endurgjaldslaust til fyrirt\u00e6kja eftir \u00e1kve\u00f0num reglum sem taka m.a. mi\u00f0 af s\u00f6gulegri starfsemi og \u00e1rangursvi\u00f0mi\u00f0um. Tiltekin starfsemi er talin vi\u00f0kv\u00e6m fyrir kolefnisleka, \u00fe.e. h\u00e6tta er talin \u00e1 a\u00f0 sl\u00edk starfsemi kunni a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 \u00ed\u00feyngjandi kr\u00f6fum um uppgj\u00f6r \u00e1 losunarheimildum me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 flytjast til r\u00edkja \u00fear sem ekki eru ger\u00f0ar samb\u00e6rilegar kr\u00f6fur. Til a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 kolefnisleka hefur sl\u00edk starfsemi til \u00feessa fengi\u00f0 mun h\u00e6rra hlutfall losunarheimilda \u00fathluta\u00f0 endurgjaldslaust \u00ed kerfinu en fyrirt\u00e6ki \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum greinum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cd framt\u00ed\u00f0inni &nbsp;er gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 vi\u00f0skipti me\u00f0 losunarheimildir muni leika enn st\u00e6rra hlutverk en \u00e1\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1 markmi\u00f0um ESB \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum. Helstu breytingar sem fylgja \u201eF\u00e6r \u00ed 55\u201c-pakkanum eru eftirfarandi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Losun innan kerfisins skal dragast saman um 62% fyrir \u00e1ri\u00f0 2030<\/strong> mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2005, \u00ed sta\u00f0 43% \u00e1\u00f0ur. Til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 \u00feessu markmi\u00f0i er gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 l\u00ednulegur samdr\u00e1ttarstu\u00f0ull (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Linear reduction factor.\">LRF<\/span>) vi\u00f0skiptakerfisins ver\u00f0i <strong>4,3% \u00e1 \u00e1ri<\/strong> <strong>fr\u00e1 2024 til 2027 og 4,4% \u00e1 \u00e1ri fr\u00e1 2028 til 2030<\/strong>, \u00ed sta\u00f0 2,2% fr\u00e1 2021 til 2030 \u00e1\u00f0ur. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 losunarheimildum (vegna sta\u00f0bundinnar starfsemi, flugstarfsemi og sj\u00f3flutninga) \u00ed kerfinu <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Og \u00feaki\u00f0 l\u00e6kkar.\">f\u00e6kkar<\/span> um 4,3% \u00e1 \u00e1ri fr\u00e1 2024 til 2027 og um 4,4% \u00e1 \u00e1ri fr\u00e1 2028 til 2030. Til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 markmi\u00f0inu um 62% samdr\u00e1tt ver\u00f0ur losunarheimildum \u00ed kerfinu ennfremur f\u00e6kka\u00f0 um 90 millj\u00f3nir \u00e1ri\u00f0 2024 og um 27 millj\u00f3nir \u00e1ri\u00f0 2026.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Breytingar ver\u00f0a \u00e1 endurgjaldslausri \u00fathlutun til sta\u00f0bundinna starfsst\u00f6\u00f0va \u00ed i\u00f0na\u00f0i.<\/strong> Reglum um \u00e1rangursvi\u00f0mi\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur breytt til a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 innlei\u00f0ingu loftslagsv\u00e6nna t\u00e6knin\u00fdjunga. Gert er r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00e1rangursvi\u00f0mi\u00f0 ver\u00f0i endursko\u00f0u\u00f0 fyrir t\u00edmabili\u00f0 2026-2030 og \u00fe\u00e1 leita\u00f0 lei\u00f0a til a\u00f0 draga enn frekar \u00far losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda og auka orkun\u00fdtni. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Innleitt ver\u00f0ur&nbsp;\u00ed skrefum n\u00fdtt kerfi um kolefnisgjald \u00e1 innflutning<\/strong> <strong>(<\/strong><span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism.\"><strong>CBAM<\/strong><\/span><strong>)<\/strong>. \u00cd \u00feessu felast m.a. mikilv\u00e6gar breytingar \u00e1 \u00fathlutun endurgjaldslausra losunarheimilda til fyrirt\u00e6kja sem talin eru vi\u00f0kv\u00e6m fyrir kolefnisleka. CBAM-kerfi\u00f0 n\u00e6r til a\u00f0 byrja me\u00f0 m.a. yfir framlei\u00f0slu \u00e1 j\u00e1rni og st\u00e1li, \u00e1li, sementi og tilb\u00fanum \u00e1bur\u00f0i. S\u00e9rstakt kolefnisgjald (kolefnislei\u00f0r\u00e9tting) ver\u00f0ur lagt \u00e1 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Innflutningsa\u00f0ilar \u00feurfa a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a s\u00e9r \u00fati um svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 CBAM-vottor\u00f0 sem skila \u00fearf inn \u00ed CBAM-skr\u00e1ningarkerfi (svipa\u00f0 og \u00feegar losunarheimildum \u00ed ETS er skila\u00f0 inn \u00ed skr\u00e1ningarkerfi fyrir losunarheimildir).\">innflutning<\/span> \u00feessara vara inn \u00e1 EES-sv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 og mun gjaldi\u00f0 taka mi\u00f0 af \u00feeirri losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda sem \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 vi\u00f0 framlei\u00f0slu \u00feeirra, ver\u00f0i \u00e1 losunarheimildum \u00ed ETS og <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"S\u00e9 losun ver\u00f0l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi framlei\u00f0slulandi er teki\u00f0 tillit til \u00feess.\">regluverki<\/span> \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi framlei\u00f0slulandi. Sem fyrr segir hefur starfsemi sem h\u00e6tt er vi\u00f0 kolefnisleka hinga\u00f0 til fengi\u00f0 \u00fathluta\u00f0 h\u00e6rra hlutfalli af losunarheimildum endurgjaldslaust. Me\u00f0 CBAM ver\u00f0ur endurgjaldslaus \u00fathlutun til starfsst\u00f6\u00f0va sem framlei\u00f0a umr\u00e6ddar <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"CBAM-kerfi\u00f0 mun hugsanlega n\u00e1 til fleiri vara \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni.\">v\u00f6rur<\/span> skert \u00ed \u00e1f\u00f6ngum me\u00f0 svok\u00f6llu\u00f0um <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Stu\u00f0ull sem dregur \u00far hlutdeild endurgjaldslausrar \u00fathlutunar mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 reikna\u00f0a \u00fathlutun skv. fyrri reglum.\">CBAM-stu\u00f0li<\/span>. \u00dathlutunin ver\u00f0ur \u00f3breytt \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 fyrri reglur vi\u00f0skiptakerfisins til og me\u00f0 2025, en dregst saman \u00e1rlega fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 \u00e1rinu 2026 og leggst af \u00e1ri\u00f0 2034 (sj\u00e1 mynd <em>\u00datf\u00f6sun endurgjaldslausra losunarheimilda (me\u00f0 CBAM-stu\u00f0li) og innlei\u00f0ing CBAM-vottor\u00f0a)<\/em>. \u00datf\u00f6sun endurgjaldslausra losunarheimilda er h\u00e6gari fyrstu \u00e1rin en hra\u00f0ari \u00feegar l\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00e1 t\u00edmabili\u00f0 (2026-2034).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ekki ver\u00f0ur skylda a\u00f0 gera upp losunarheimildir vegna losunar \u00e1 gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegundum sem eru <strong>varanlega bundnar<\/strong> me\u00f0 efnafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum a\u00f0fer\u00f0um \u00ed v\u00f6rum og berast \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00fat \u00ed andr\u00famslofti\u00f0 vi\u00f0 venjulega notkun varanna.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Endurgjaldslaus \u00fathlutun til flugrekenda<\/strong> mun fara stigminnkandi \u00e1rin 2024 og 2025 og leggjast af fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 \u00e1rinu <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Flugrekendur, sem flj\u00faga til og fr\u00e1 \u00cdslandi, geta s\u00f3tt um vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar\u00fathlutun endurgjaldslausra losunarheimilda \u00e1rin 2025 og 2026, en skilyr\u00f0i fyrir sl\u00edkri \u00fathlutun er a\u00f0 vi\u00f0komandi flugrekendur hafi skila\u00f0 og vinni eftir kolefnishlutleysis\u00e1\u00e6tlun. Eigi vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar\u00fathlutun s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 mun samsvarandi fj\u00f6ldi losunarheimilda ekki ver\u00f0a bo\u00f0inn upp fyrir \u00cdslands h\u00f6nd \u00e1 sameiginlegum uppbo\u00f0svettvangi ESB og \u00fev\u00ed ver\u00f0ur \u00edslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 af uppbo\u00f0stekjum sem \u00fev\u00ed nemur.\">2026<\/span>. Fr\u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma munu flugrekendur \u00fev\u00ed \u00feurfa a\u00f0 kaupa allar \u00fe\u00e6r losunarheimildir sem \u00feeir \u00feurfa \u00e1 a\u00f0 halda. Auk \u00feess a\u00f0 dragast saman \u00e1rlega \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 l\u00ednulega <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"LRF = 4,2% \u00e1rin 2024 og 2025\">samdr\u00e1ttarstu\u00f0ulinn<\/span> ver\u00f0ur heimildum f\u00e6kka\u00f0 um 25% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2024 og 50% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2025. Fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 \u00e1rinu 2026 munu flugrekendur \u00fev\u00ed \u00feurfa a\u00f0 kaupa allar losunarheimildir sem \u00feeir \u00feurfa \u00e1 a\u00f0 halda. Flugrekendur munu \u00fe\u00f3 fr\u00e1 2024 til 2030 geta s\u00f3tt um \u00fathlutun s\u00e9rstakra <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00cd \u00feeim tilgangi a\u00f0 standa straum af ver\u00f0\u00admun \u00e1 jar\u00f0eldsneyti og sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ru flugeldsneyti a\u00f0 hluta e\u00f0a \u00f6llu leyti, ver\u00f0ur 20 millj\u00f3num SAF\u00ad-heimilda \u00fathluta\u00f0 til flugrekenda. H\u00e6gt ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00fathluta\u00f0 losunarheimildum sem samsvara \u00ed ver\u00f0gildi heildarver\u00f0mun \u00e1 jar\u00f0eldsneyti og sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ru flugeldsneyti, s\u00e9 sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ra flugeldsneyti\u00f0 keypt \u00e1 flugv\u00f6llum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi - \u00feetta er \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 a\u00f0l\u00f6gun \u00cdslands a\u00f0 tilskipuninni.\">losunarheimilda<\/span> (svokalla\u00f0ra <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"SAF-allowances.\">SAF-heimilda<\/span>) sem grund\u00advall\u00adast \u00e1 magni sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rs flugeldsneytis (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Sustainable Aviation Fuels. SAF mun \u00feurfa a\u00f0 uppfylla tiltekin skilyr\u00f0i.\">SAF<\/span>) sem nota\u00f0 er \u00ed flugfer\u00f0um sem heyra undir ETS-kerfi\u00f0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2025 skulu flugrekendur vakta og skila losunarsk\u00fdrslum vegna \u00fe\u00e1tta sem hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 loftslagi\u00f0, annarra en kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s. H\u00e9r er m.a. \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 k\u00f6fnunarefnisox\u00ed\u00f0, s\u00f3tagnir, brennisteinssamb\u00f6nd og vatnsgufu. Tali\u00f0 er a\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00feessara \u00fe\u00e1tta \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 flug s\u00e9u a.m.k. jafnmikil og \u00e1hrif kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s. \u00cd \u00e1rslok 2027 ver\u00f0ur tekin \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um hvort losun \u00feessara \u00fe\u00e1tta muni falla undir ETS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sj\u00f3flutningar hafa veri\u00f0 felldir undir kerfi\u00f0<\/strong>. <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"e. Shipping companies.\">Skipaf\u00e9l\u00f6g<\/span> skulu standa skil \u00e1 losunarheimildum vegna losunar kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s fr\u00e1 far\u00feega- og flutningaskipum yfir 5.000 br\u00fatt\u00f3tonnum. Skyldan n\u00e6r til allrar losunar vegna fer\u00f0a milli hafna innan EES-sv\u00e6\u00f0isins, allrar losunar sem \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 me\u00f0an skip er \u00ed h\u00f6fn \u00e1 EES-sv\u00e6\u00f0inu og helmings losunar vegna fer\u00f0a milli hafnar innan EES-sv\u00e6\u00f0isins og hafnar \u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ja r\u00edki. Uppgj\u00f6rsskyldan ver\u00f0ur innleidd \u00ed \u00e1f\u00f6ngum. \u00deannig \u00fearf a\u00f0 gera upp losunarheimildir vegna 40% losunar \u00e1rsins 2024, 70% losunar \u00e1rsins 2025 og 100% losunar fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 \u00e1rinu 2026. Engum losunarheimildum ver\u00f0ur \u00fathluta\u00f0 endurgjaldslaust til skipaf\u00e9laga og ver\u00f0a \u00feau \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kaupa allar \u00fe\u00e6r losunarheimildir sem \u00feau \u00feurfa \u00e1 a\u00f0 halda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sorpbrennslur skulu vakta losun fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2024 og skila losunarsk\u00fdrslum<\/strong>. \u00cd \u00e1rslok 2026 ver\u00f0ur tekin \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um hvort losun fr\u00e1 sorpbrennslum og annarri me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun \u00fargangs muni falla undir ETS fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2028.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Losun vegna eldsneytisbrennslu \u00ed vegasamg\u00f6ngum<\/strong>,<strong> til<\/strong> <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Og til k\u00e6lingar \u00e1 h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0i.\"><strong>h\u00fashitunar<\/span>, og \u00ed byggingarstarfsemi og \u00fdmiss konar i\u00f0na\u00f0i sem ekki fellur n\u00fa \u00feegar undir ETS<\/strong> <strong>ver\u00f0ur felld undir n\u00fdtt hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt vi\u00f0skiptakerfi <\/strong>me\u00f0 losunarheimildir (ETS2). <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Uppbygging kerfisins er mj\u00f6g l\u00edk n\u00faverandi ETS. Sett ver\u00f0ur \u00feak \u00e1 losun og \u00feaki\u00f0 (og \u00fear me\u00f0 fj\u00f6ldi losunarheimilda \u00ed kerfinu) l\u00e1ti\u00f0 l\u00e6kka \u00e1rlega fyrir tilstillli l\u00ednulegs samdr\u00e1ttarstu\u00f0uls. \u00de\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur einnig s\u00e9rstakur marka\u00f0sst\u00f6\u00f0ugleikasj\u00f3\u00f0ur, auk \u00feess sem s\u00e9rstakur sj\u00f3\u00f0ur, Samf\u00e9lagslegi loftslagssj\u00f3\u00f0urinn, ver\u00f0ur tengdur kerfinu me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 markmi\u00f0i a\u00f0 tryggja r\u00e9ttl\u00e1t umskipti.\">Kerfi\u00f0<\/span> mun \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 minnsta til a\u00f0 byrja me\u00f0 ekki tengjast hinu vi\u00f0skiptakerfinu beint og ver\u00f0a bo\u00f0nar upp s\u00e9rstakar losunarheimildir \u00ed kerfinu. Markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 er a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun vegna framgreindrar losunar um 42% til \u00e1rsins 2030 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 losun \u00e1rsins 2005. Skyldan til a\u00f0 vakta losun og gera upp losunarheimildir fellur \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0ila sem afhenda jar\u00f0eldsneyti til framangreindrar notkunar, \u00fe.e.a.s. s\u00f6lu- og dreifingara\u00f0ila, og munu \u00feeir a\u00f0ilar \u00feurfa <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Svipa\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed sem starfsst\u00f6\u00f0var \u00ed sta\u00f0bundnum i\u00f0na\u00f0i hafa&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\">losunarleyfi<\/span>. S\u00f6lu- og dreifingara\u00f0ilar jar\u00f0eldsneytis munu \u00feurfa a\u00f0 vakta eldsneytiss\u00f6lu til fyrrgreindra geira og h\u00f3fst v\u00f6ktunarskyldan 1. jan\u00faar 2024. Skila \u00fearf votta\u00f0ri losunarsk\u00fdrslu \u00e1rlega. Losun ver\u00f0ur ger\u00f0 upp (me\u00f0 skilum \u00e1 losunarheimildum) \u00ed fyrsta skipti \u00e1ri\u00f0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Innlei\u00f0ingu kerfisins ver\u00f0ur fresta\u00f0 ef ver\u00f0 \u00e1 eldsneyti ver\u00f0ur \u00f3venjulega h\u00e1tt \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma.\">2027<\/span> vegna losunar \u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2026. Losun vegna eldsneytisbrennslu \u00ed ofangreindum geirum mun einnig heyra \u00e1fram undir kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar (ESR).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun<\/strong> <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Tekjur af uppbo\u00f0um losunarheimilda renna til EES-r\u00edkja \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 tiltekin vi\u00f0mi\u00f0.\"><strong>tekna<\/strong><\/span> <strong>af uppbo\u00f0i losunarheimilda<\/strong>. Fj\u00f6ldi losunarheimilda sem bo\u00f0nar ver\u00f0a upp af a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjunum mun aukast verulega \u00e1 n\u00e6stu \u00e1rum, m.a. vegna \u00fatv\u00edkkunar \u00e1 gildissvi\u00f0i kerfisins til sj\u00f3flutninga, vegna CBAM-kerfisins og vegna n\u00fds vi\u00f0skiptakerfis fyrir vegasamg\u00f6ngur, h\u00fashitun og sm\u00e1i\u00f0na\u00f0. St\u00e6rstur hluti \u00feeirra heimilda sem gefnar ver\u00f0a \u00fat til \u00feessara geira ver\u00f0ur bo\u00f0inn upp, en hluti \u00feeirra mun renna \u00ed <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"e. Innovation Fund.\">N\u00fdsk\u00f6punarsj\u00f3\u00f0inn<\/span>, <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"e. Modernisation Fund.\">N\u00fat\u00edmav\u00e6\u00f0ingarsj\u00f3\u00f0inn<\/span> og Marka\u00f0sst\u00f6\u00f0ugleikasj\u00f3\u00f0inn. Tekjur af uppbo\u00f0um skulu a\u00f0 verulegu leyti a\u00f0 renna til fj\u00e1rm\u00f6gnunar \u00e1 loftslagstengdum a\u00f0ger\u00f0um. Annars vegar ver\u00f0ur \u00feetta gert me\u00f0 fj\u00e1rm\u00f6gnun verkefna \u00ed gegnum N\u00fdsk\u00f6punarsj\u00f3\u00f0 og N\u00fat\u00edmav\u00e6\u00f0ingarsj\u00f3\u00f0. Hins vegar eru ger\u00f0ar \u00edtarlegar kr\u00f6fur til ESB-r\u00edkja um a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa tekjum s\u00ednum af uppbo\u00f0i losunarheimilda til a\u00f0ger\u00f0a \u00e1 svi\u00f0i orkuskipta, loftslagsv\u00e6nnar t\u00e6kni\u00fer\u00f3unar o.fl. Tekjurnar ber jafnframt a\u00f0 n\u00fdta til a\u00f0 koma til m\u00f3ts vi\u00f0 fyrirt\u00e6ki og heimili sem \u00feurfa \u00e1 fj\u00e1rhagslegum stu\u00f0ningi a\u00f0 halda til a\u00f0 skipta yfir \u00ed n\u00fdja orkugjafa og loftslagsv\u00e6na t\u00e6kni. Tekjur af hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0a vi\u00f0skiptakerfinu (ETS2) fyrir vegasamg\u00f6ngur, h\u00fashitun og sm\u00e1i\u00f0na\u00f0 skal einnig n\u00fdta \u00ed a\u00f0 takast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 samf\u00e9lagsleg \u00e1hrif vi\u00f0skiptakerfisins, einkum \u00e1 heimili, l\u00edtil fyrirt\u00e6ki og samg\u00f6ngunotendur sem eiga erfitt me\u00f0 a\u00f0 standa undir auknum kostna\u00f0i. N\u00fdsk\u00f6punarsj\u00f3\u00f0urinn ver\u00f0ur efldur og \u00e1 hann a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja vi\u00f0 n\u00fdsk\u00f6pun \u00e1 brei\u00f0ari grundvelli en \u00e1\u00f0ur. Tilgangur sj\u00f3\u00f0sins er a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja loftslagsv\u00e6na t\u00e6kni\u00fer\u00f3un og framfarir \u00ed \u00f6llum geirum sem heyra undir gildissvi\u00f0 vi\u00f0skiptakerfisins. Nefndar eru fj\u00f6lmargar tegundir verkefna sem sj\u00f3\u00f0urinn getur styrkt og er tilteki\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6k \u00e1hersla skuli vera \u00e1 verkefni sem felast \u00ed \u00fer\u00f3un loftslagsv\u00e6nnar t\u00e6kni fyrir geira sem heyra undir CBAM-kerfi\u00f0, framlei\u00f0slu endurn\u00fdjanlegrar orku, kolefnisf\u00f6ngun og -geymslu <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Carbon Capture and Storage.\">(CCS)<\/span>, kolefnisf\u00f6ngun og -n\u00fdtingu (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Carbon Capture and Utilisation.\">CCU<\/span>), o.fl. \u00de\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur N\u00fat\u00edmav\u00e6\u00f0ingarsj\u00f3\u00f0urinn efldur, en hlutverk hans er m.a. a\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00edmav\u00e6\u00f0a orkukerfi og b\u00e6ta orkun\u00fdtni \u00ed verr st\u00e6\u00f0um a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjum. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div id=\"highcharts-ngh6cQAQb\"  class=\"highcharts-ngh6cQAQb\"><script src=\"https:\/\/app.everviz.com\/inject\/ngh6cQAQb\/\" defer=\"defer\"><\/script><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Breytingar \u00e1 kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar (ESR)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-in-data-column-and-sticky\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"925\" height=\"765\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/samflosun.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/samflosun.png 925w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/samflosun-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/samflosun-768x635.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 925px) 100vw, 925px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar tekur til samf\u00e9lagslosunar, \u00fe.e. losunar vegna h\u00fashitunar, vegasamgangna, sm\u00e1i\u00f0na\u00f0ar, landb\u00fana\u00f0ar, sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegs, efnanotkunar og me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlunar \u00fargangs. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar \u00e1 samf\u00e9lagslosun \u2013 e\u00f0a <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Effort Sharing Regulation. Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nari umfj\u00f6llun \u00ed &lt;em&gt;\u00cdtargrein: Lykilsta\u00f0reyndir var\u00f0andi kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar og landnotkunarkerfi\u00f0&lt;\/em&gt;.\">ESR<\/span> \u2013 tekur til annarrar losunar en \u00feeirrar sem fellur undir vi\u00f0skiptakerfi\u00f0, sem sagt til losunar vegna <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 losun vegna vegasamgangna, h\u00fashitunar og sm\u00e1i\u00f0na\u00f0ar muni heyra undir hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt vi\u00f0skiptakerfi me\u00f0 losunarheimildir mun h\u00fan einnig heyra \u00e1fram undir kerfi um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar.\">vegasamgangna, h\u00fashitunar, sm\u00e1i\u00f0na\u00f0ar<\/span>, landb\u00fana\u00f0ar, sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegs, efnanotkunar og me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlunar \u00fargangs. Hverju r\u00edki er \u00fathluta\u00f0ur \u00e1kve\u00f0inn fj\u00f6ldi&nbsp;AEA-heimilda sem minnkar l\u00ednulega hvert \u00e1r \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 2021-2030 og er \u00fathlutunin \u00e1kve\u00f0in \u00fat fr\u00e1 hagvexti \u00e1 \u00edb\u00faa og t\u00e6kif\u00e6rum og kostna\u00f0i vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi landi. Tilgangurinn me\u00f0 mismunandi markmi\u00f0um fyrir r\u00edkin er a\u00f0 tryggja sanngjarna skiptingu \u00e1 milli r\u00edkja. R\u00edkjum n\u00e6gir ekki a\u00f0 standa vi\u00f0 losunarm\u00f6rkin \u00e1ri\u00f0 2030, heldur er \u00feeim skylt a\u00f0 n\u00e1 tilgreindu takmarki (sem samsvarar fj\u00f6lda AEA-heimilda vi\u00f0komandi \u00e1rs) \u00e1 hverju \u00e1ri t\u00edmabilsins 2021-2030. \u00deau hafa engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur sveigjanleika til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 markmi\u00f0um s\u00ednum. <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00deessi flutningur nefnist \u00e1 ensku \u201ebanking and borrowing\u201c , \u00fe.e. \u201ebanking\u201c \u00feegar \u00f3n\u00fdttar AEA-heimildir eru fluttar me\u00f0 skilyr\u00f0um milli \u00e1ra til n\u00fdtingar s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu og \u201eborrowing\u201c \u00feegar AEA-heimildir n\u00e6sta \u00e1rs eru fluttar yfir \u00e1 vi\u00f0komandi \u00e1r (\u00fe.e. n\u00fdttar fyrirfram).\">Flytja<\/span>&nbsp;m\u00e1 tiltekinn fj\u00f6lda AEA-heimilda milli \u00e1ra, auk \u00feess sem r\u00edkjum er heimilt a\u00f0 eiga vi\u00f0skipti s\u00edn \u00e1 milli me\u00f0 AEA-heimildir. Nokkrum r\u00edkjum (11 af 29) er heimilt a\u00f0 n\u00fdta uppbo\u00f0sheimildir \u00far ETS-kerfinu (EUA-heimildir) til a\u00f0 uppfylla skuldbindingar s\u00ednar. \u00de\u00e1 mega r\u00edki b\u00f3kf\u00e6ra kolefnisbindingu \u00e1 m\u00f3ti eigin losun upp a\u00f0 tilteknu marki a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed gefnu a\u00f0 \u00feau uppfylli n\u00falllosunarregluna, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 samanl\u00f6g\u00f0 framtalin kolefnisbinding vegna landnotkunara\u00f0ger\u00f0a \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi r\u00edki s\u00e9 j\u00f6fn e\u00f0a meiri en samanl\u00f6g\u00f0 framtalin losun vegna \u00feessara s\u00f6mu landnotkunara\u00f0ger\u00f0a. S\u00e9 framtalin losun vegna landnotkunar hins vegar meiri en binding \u00feurfa r\u00edki a\u00f0 n\u00fdta AEA-heimildir til a\u00f0 uppfylla n\u00falllosunarregluna e\u00f0a kaupa bindingar\u00e1vinning af \u00f6\u00f0rum r\u00edkjum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uppf\u00e6rt markmi\u00f0 ESB er a\u00f0 draga \u00far samf\u00e9lagslosun \u00e1 Evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0inu um 40% til 2030 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2005, \u00ed sta\u00f0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"29% eftir a\u00f0 Bretland gekk \u00far Evr\u00f3pusambandinu&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\">30%<\/span> \u00e1\u00f0ur. \u00c1\u00f0ur <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Magn AEA-heimilda hvers r\u00edkis er gefi\u00f0 \u00fat \u00ed framkv\u00e6mdager\u00f0 nr. 2020\/2126 (e. implementing decision).\">\u00fatgefnum<\/span> AEA-heimildum allra r\u00edkja ver\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed f\u00e6kka\u00f0 fyrir \u00e1rin 2023-2030 \u00feannig a\u00f0 markmi\u00f0inu ver\u00f0i n\u00e1\u00f0. Sveigjanleika\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0in munu gilda \u00e1fram, sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 \u00e1fram m\u00e1 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00deetta kallast \u00e1 ensku &#039;banking and borrowing&#039;, \u00fe.e. &#039;banking&#039; \u00feegar \u00f3n\u00fdttar AEA-heimildir eru fluttar me\u00f0 skilyr\u00f0um milli \u00e1ra til n\u00fdtingar s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu og &#039;borrowing&#039; \u00feegar AEA-heimildir n\u00e6sta \u00e1rs eru fluttar yfir \u00e1 vi\u00f0komandi \u00e1r (\u00fe.e. n\u00fdttar fyrirfram).\">flytja<\/span> <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Skilyr\u00f0in eru \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0eins hert. Sem d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 nefna a\u00f0 \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 2021-2025 m\u00e1tti \u00e1 hverju \u00e1ri flytja 10% af AEA-heimildum n\u00e6sta \u00e1rs yfir \u00e1 vi\u00f0komandi \u00e1r en me\u00f0 breytingunni minnkar \u00feetta hlutfall \u00ed 7,5%.\">tiltekinn<\/span> fj\u00f6lda AEA-heimilda milli \u00e1ra, sem og stunda millir\u00edkjavi\u00f0skipti me\u00f0 heimildirnar. Nokkrum r\u00edkjum, \u00fe.\u00e1 m. <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Heimild \u00cdsland samsvarar 124.373 tonnum \u00e1 \u00e1ri \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 2021-2030.\">\u00cdslandi<\/span>, er heimilt a\u00f0 n\u00fdta <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Vi\u00f0komandi r\u00edki afsala s\u00e9r \u00fear me\u00f0 \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u00feeim tekjum sem annars hef\u00f0u hlotist af uppbo\u00f0i \u00feessara heimilda.\">uppbo\u00f0sheimildir<\/span> \u00ed ETS-kerfinu (EUA-heimildir) til a\u00f0 uppfylla skuldbindingar s\u00ednar. Einnig mega r\u00edki \u00e1fram b\u00f3kf\u00e6ra kolefnisbindingu \u00e1 m\u00f3ti eigin losun upp a\u00f0 tilteknu <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"S\u00e9rstakt h\u00e1mark fyrir hvert r\u00edki.\">marki<\/span> gegn \u00fev\u00ed skilyr\u00f0i a\u00f0 vi\u00f0komandi r\u00edki hafi uppfyllt skuldbindingar s\u00ednar gagnvart landnotkunarregluger\u00f0inni (n\u00falllosunarreglan til 2025 og vi\u00f0eigandi markmi\u00f0 var\u00f0andi losun\/bindingu 2026-2030). \u00deetta er \u00fe\u00f3 me\u00f0 \u00feeim takm\u00f6rkunum a\u00f0 einungis m\u00e1 nota helminginn af leyf\u00f0ri kolefnisbindingu \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 2021-2025. Hinn helminginn m\u00e1 svo nota \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 2026-2030.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"highcharts-khnie9aBe\"  class=\"highcharts-khnie9aBe\"><script src=\"https:\/\/app.everviz.com\/inject\/khnie9aBe\/\" defer=\"defer\"><\/script><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Breytingar \u00e1 landnotkunarkerfinu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-in-data-column-and-sticky\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"578\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/lulucfRfit55-1024x578.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-801\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/lulucfRfit55-1024x578.png 1024w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/lulucfRfit55-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/lulucfRfit55-768x434.png 768w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/lulucfRfit55.png 1192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Landnotkunarkerfi\u00f0 er kerfi sem n\u00e6r yfir losun og bindingu sem rekja m\u00e1 til landnotkunar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Landnotkunarkerfi\u00f0 (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"LULUCF Regulation. LULUCF: Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\">LULUCF<\/span>) er kerfi sem n\u00e6r yfir losun og bindingu sem rekja m\u00e1 til landnotkunar. Losun og binding er talin fram \u00ed eftirfarandi flokkum: N\u00fdsk\u00f3gr\u00e6kt, sk\u00f3garey\u00f0ing, sk\u00f3garumhir\u00f0a og vi\u00f0arafur\u00f0ir, umhir\u00f0a r\u00e6ktarlands, umhir\u00f0a graslendis og umhir\u00f0a votlendis (hi\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0astnefnda \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0eins fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2026). Tryggja skal a\u00f0 \u00f6ll framtalin losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda vegna landnotkunar \u00ed ESB-r\u00edkjunum ver\u00f0i kolefnisj\u00f6fnu\u00f0. Me\u00f0 framtalinni losun er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 losun og binding vegna umhir\u00f0u r\u00e6ktarlands og umhir\u00f0u graslendis er talin fram sem breyting mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 me\u00f0altal \u00e1ranna 2005-2009, og losun og binding vegna sk\u00f3garumhir\u00f0u og vi\u00f0arafur\u00f0a er borin saman vi\u00f0 svokalla\u00f0 \u201ask\u00f3gr\u00e6ktarvi\u00f0mi\u00f0\u2018 sem \u00e1kvar\u00f0a\u00f0 er fyrir hvert land fyrir sig. A\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin \u00feurfa a\u00f0 standast svokalla\u00f0a n\u00falllosunarreglu sem felur \u00ed s\u00e9r a\u00f0 jafna \u00fearf \u00fat me\u00f0 bindingu alla <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Framtalin losun er ekki \u00fea\u00f0 sama og heildarlosun, heldur breyting \u00e1 losun mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unar\u00e1r og\/e\u00f0a vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unargildi, sbr. textann h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan.\">framtalda<\/span> losun sem stafar af tiltekinni landnotkun. Ef t.d. sk\u00f3gur er ruddur til a\u00f0 n\u00fdta landi\u00f0 \u00e1 annan h\u00e1tt (t.d. fyrir bygg\u00f0, vegager\u00f0 e\u00f0a landb\u00fana\u00f0) \u00fearf a\u00f0 jafna losunina sem af sk\u00f3garey\u00f0ingunni hl\u00fdst me\u00f0 n\u00fdsk\u00f3gr\u00e6kt e\u00f0a me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta umhir\u00f0u t.d. r\u00e6ktarlands e\u00f0a graslendis. B\u00f3khaldsreglur fyrir losun og bindingu eru sta\u00f0la\u00f0ar, \u00feannig a\u00f0 tryggt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 mat \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvort r\u00edki uppfylli n\u00falllosunarregluna s\u00e9 samb\u00e6rilegt fyrir alla a\u00f0ila. Ef framtalin losun vegna landnotkunar er meiri en binding \u00feurfa vi\u00f0komandi r\u00edki a\u00f0 kaupa bindingar\u00e1vinning fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru r\u00edki e\u00f0a skila inn AEA-heimildum sem samsvarar mismuninum og n\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 enn meiri \u00e1rangri \u00ed samdr\u00e6tti \u00ed samf\u00e9lagslosun. Landnotkunarkerfi\u00f0 tengist \u00fev\u00ed kerfinu um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar (ESR). Ef framtalin losun er hins vegar minni en bindingin geta r\u00edki b\u00f3kf\u00e6rt umframbindinguna \u00ed kerfinu um skiptingu \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar upp a\u00f0 tilteknu marki, sem er mismunandi fyrir hvert a\u00f0ildarr\u00edki. Heildarmagni\u00f0 sem r\u00edki mega samtals b\u00f3kf\u00e6ra \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt er 281,8 millj\u00f3n tonn. Einnig geta r\u00edki m\u00f6gulega selt \u00f6\u00f0rum r\u00edkjum umframbindingar\u00e1vinning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Me\u00f0 breytingunum sem ur\u00f0u me\u00f0 \u201eF\u00e6r \u00ed 55\u201c-a\u00f0ger\u00f0apakkanum er framlag landnotkunarflokksins til a\u00f0 draga \u00far <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Losun a\u00f0 fr\u00e1dreginni bindingu&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\">nett\u00f3losun<\/span> auki\u00f0 verulega. Breytingarnar \u00e1 kerfinu ver\u00f0a litlar \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 2021-2025. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2026 ver\u00f0ur hins vegar <strong>falli\u00f0 fr\u00e1 n\u00fagildandi framtalsreglum<\/strong>, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 telja losun og bindingu fram mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 tiltekin vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unar\u00e1r og\/e\u00f0a vi\u00f0mi\u00f0unargildi, og \u00ed sta\u00f0inn ver\u00f0ur heildarmarkmi\u00f0i um <strong>310 millj\u00f3na tonna nett\u00f3bindingu \u00e1ri\u00f0 2030 skipt milli r\u00edkja ESB me\u00f0 \u00e1rlegum kr\u00f6fum<\/strong> fyrir hvert r\u00edki \u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 2026-2030. Tilgangurinn me\u00f0 mismunandi markmi\u00f0um fyrir r\u00edkin er a\u00f0 tryggja sanngjarna skiptingu \u00e1 milli \u00feeirra. Vi\u00f0 \u00fatreikning \u00e1 markmi\u00f0inu fyrir hvert r\u00edki var teki\u00f0 mi\u00f0 af uppl\u00fdsingum \u00far landsb\u00f3khaldi hvers r\u00edkis var\u00f0andi losun og bindingu vegna landnotkunar, auk \u00feess sem teki\u00f0 var tillit til hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegra \u00fe\u00e1tta, breiddargr\u00e1\u00f0u og landslags. \u00c1fram ver\u00f0ur h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 stunda vi\u00f0skipti me\u00f0 umframbindingar\u00e1vinning milli landa a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed tilskildu a\u00f0 r\u00edki standi vi\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 sitt var\u00f0andi losun\/bindingu. R\u00edki munu \u00fe\u00f3 ekki geta flutt bindingar\u00e1vinning fr\u00e1 t\u00edmabilinu 2021-2025 yfir \u00e1 t\u00edmabili\u00f0 2026-2030.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"highcharts-gCsla6Z4l\"  class=\"highcharts-gCsla6Z4l\"><script src=\"https:\/\/app.everviz.com\/inject\/gCsla6Z4l\/\" defer=\"defer\"><\/script><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Breytingar er var\u00f0a losun fr\u00e1 flugi og millilandasiglingum<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-in-data-column-and-sticky\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/pexels-pixabay-48786-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1072\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/pexels-pixabay-48786-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/pexels-pixabay-48786-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/pexels-pixabay-48786-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/pexels-pixabay-48786.jpg 1108w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Eins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00e1 myndinni <em>F\u00e6r \u00ed 55: A\u00f0ger\u00f0apakkinn<\/em> er fjalla\u00f0 um tilteknar uppsprettur losunar \u00ed fleiri en einni ger\u00f0 \u00ed \u201eF\u00e6r \u00ed 55\u201c-a\u00f0ger\u00f0apakkanum. Til a\u00f0 draga \u00far <strong>losun fr\u00e1 flugi<\/strong> eru t.a.m. ger\u00f0ar breytingar \u00e1 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Endurgjaldslaus \u00fathlutun losunarheimilda til flugrekenda mun leggjast af \u00e1ri\u00f0 2026&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\">ETS-tilskipuninni<\/span>, <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"CORSIA er hagr\u00e6nt stj\u00f3rnt\u00e6ki \u00e1 vegum ICAO sem \u00e6tla\u00f0 er a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 v\u00f6xtur \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aflugi ver\u00f0i kolefnishlutlaus fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 \u00e1rinu 2021, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 losun fr\u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legu flugi haldist \u00f3breytt til framt\u00ed\u00f0ar mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 losun \u00e1ri\u00f0 2019&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\">CORSIA<\/span>-kerfi\u00f0 innleitt, breytingar ger\u00f0ar \u00e1 tilskipunum um orkuskatta og endurn\u00fdjanlega orku og \u00e1 regluger\u00f0 um innvi\u00f0auppbyggingu vegna \u00f3hef\u00f0bundinna orkugjafa, auk \u00feess sem n\u00fd regluger\u00f0 um j\u00f6fn skilyr\u00f0i fyrir sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rar flugsamg\u00f6ngur (ReFuelEU Aviation) hefur veri\u00f0 sam\u00feykkt. Sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rt flugeldsneyti (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"SAF: Sustainable Aviation Fuels&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\">SAF<\/span>) er flj\u00f3tandi eldsneyti sem uppfyllir tiltekin sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rnivi\u00f0mi\u00f0 og sem h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 nota \u00ed flugi \u00e1n nokkurra breytinga \u00e1 innvi\u00f0um og flugv\u00e9lum. Um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a annars vegar l\u00edfeldsneyti og hins vegar rafeldsneyti. L\u00edfeldsneyti er unni\u00f0 \u00far <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00cd samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rnivi\u00f0mi\u00f0 sem fram koma \u00ed tilskipun um endurn\u00fdjanlega orku.\">vi\u00f0urkenndum<\/span> l\u00edfmassa, en rafeldsneyti er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0a me\u00f0 samruna kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s og vetnis. Kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00e1 fengi\u00f0 anna\u00f0 hvort \u00far \u00fatbl\u00e6stri e\u00f0a me\u00f0 f\u00f6ngun \u00far andr\u00famslofti, en vetni\u00f0 framleitt me\u00f0 rafgreiningu vatns, \u00fear sem notu\u00f0 er endurn\u00fdjanleg orka. Markmi\u00f0 \u201eReFuelEU Aviation\u201c-regluger\u00f0arinnar er a\u00f0 auka notkun sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rs flugeldsneytis \u00ed flugsamg\u00f6ngum. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed augnami\u00f0i ber s\u00f6lu- og dreifingara\u00f0ilum eldsneytis a\u00f0 tryggja auki\u00f0 frambo\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rs flugeldsneytis \u00e1 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Mi\u00f0a\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 flugvelli me\u00f0 meira en 800.000 far\u00feega \u00e1 \u00e1ri e\u00f0a meira en 100.000 tonn af frakt.\">flugv\u00f6llum<\/span>. <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00cdbl\u00f6ndun: sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ru flugeldsneyti er blanda\u00f0 saman vi\u00f0 &#039;hef\u00f0bundi\u00f0&#039; jar\u00f0eldsneyti&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\">L\u00e1gmarks\u00edbl\u00f6ndun<\/span> SAF mun aukast \u00far 2% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2025 \u00ed 70% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2050, auk \u00feess sem sett er a\u00f0skili\u00f0 undirmarkmi\u00f0 fyrir hlutfall <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00cd \u00feessu tilfelli svokalla\u00f0 e-kerosene.\">rafeldsneytis<\/span>, (sj\u00e1 mynd <em>L\u00e1gmarks\u00edbl\u00f6ndunarhlutfall sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rs flugeldsneytis (SAF) og rafeldsneytis<\/em>). \u00de\u00e1 ber flugv\u00f6llum a\u00f0 tryggja nau\u00f0synlega innvi\u00f0i til a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 afhenda, geyma og d\u00e6la sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ru eldsneyti.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"highcharts-zHwXYL3nd\"  class=\"highcharts-zHwXYL3nd\"><script src=\"https:\/\/app.everviz.com\/inject\/zHwXYL3nd\/\" defer=\"defer\"><\/script><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u00cd dag rei\u00f0a flugrekendur um allan heim sig n\u00e1nast alfari\u00f0 \u00e1 jar\u00f0eldsneyti til a\u00f0 kn\u00fdja flugv\u00e9laflotann. Til a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun \u00ed flugi \u00fearf a\u00f0 hra\u00f0a umskiptum yfir \u00ed sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rt flugeldsneyti og hreinni t\u00e6kni \u00ed fluggeiranum. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 t\u00e6kni sem gerir flugv\u00e9lum kleift a\u00f0 n\u00fdta rafmagn e\u00f0a vetni hafi \u00fer\u00f3ast \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum mun \u00fea\u00f0 taka nokkurn t\u00edma \u00e1\u00f0ur en h\u00e6gt ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 beita henni \u00ed atvinnuflugi. Lj\u00f3st er a\u00f0 hefjast \u00fearf strax handa vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun \u00ed geiranum \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00e1rangur n\u00e1ist fyrir \u00e1ri\u00f0 2030. Sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rt flugeldsneyti mun leika lykilhlutverk \u00e1 \u00feeirri vegfer\u00f0 og \u00fev\u00ed er nau\u00f0synlegt a\u00f0 auka frambo\u00f0 og notkun \u00feess \u00e1 flugv\u00f6llum \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu. S\u00e9rstaklega g\u00e6ti notkun rafeldsneytis stu\u00f0la\u00f0 a\u00f0 <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Notkun rafeldsneytis \u00ed flugi \u00ed sta\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundins flugeldsneytis, lei\u00f0ir b\u00e6\u00f0i til minni loftmengunar \u00ed n\u00e1grenni flugvalla og til minni loftslags\u00e1hrifa flugs \u00ed h\u00e1loftunum. Rafeldsneyti brennur betur og veldur \u00fev\u00ed minni s\u00f3tmengun en hef\u00f0bundi\u00f0 flugeldsneyti auk \u00feess sem \u00fea\u00f0 inniheldur ekki brennistein.\">samdr\u00e6tti<\/span> \u00ed losun fr\u00e1 fluggeiranum en telja m\u00e1 \u00f3l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00e1i merkjanlegri marka\u00f0shlutdeild fyrir \u00e1ri\u00f0 2030 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 settar ver\u00f0i kr\u00f6fur um \u00edbl\u00f6ndun og frambo\u00f0. \u00dear sem \u201e\u00f3hef\u00f0bundi\u00f0\u201c eldsneyti (\u00fe.e. l\u00edf- og rafeldsneyti) er talsvert d\u00fdrara en \u201ehef\u00f0bundi\u00f0\u201c flugeldsneyti (\u00fe.e. jar\u00f0eldsneyti) \u00fearf a\u00f0 jafna st\u00f6\u00f0una. \u00dea\u00f0 er gert annars vegar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 setja reglur um \u00edbl\u00f6ndun og frambo\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rs flugeldsneytis (ReFuelEU Aviation) og hins vegar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 auka \u00e1l\u00f6gur \u00e1 hef\u00f0bundi\u00f0 eldsneyti (breytingar \u00e1 tilskipun um orkuskatta). \u00deannig m\u00e1 b\u00faast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fj\u00e1rfestingar\u00e1h\u00e6tta minnki og a\u00f0 m\u00f6guleikar \u00e1 aukinni framlei\u00f0slu \u201e\u00f3hef\u00f0bundins\u201c eldsneytis aukist. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir \u00feessar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir m\u00e1 v\u00e6nta a\u00f0 \u00edbl\u00f6ndun l\u00edf- og rafeldsneytis muni koma til me\u00f0 a\u00f0 auka eldsneytiskostna\u00f0 flugrekenda. \u00dev\u00ed eru enn fremur settar reglur til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Ef munur er \u00e1 eldsneytisver\u00f0i milli flugvalla innan ESB og annarra flugvalla g\u00e6tu flugrekendur freistast til a\u00f0 taka of miki\u00f0 eldsneyti \u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0um \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 kostar minna. Sl\u00edkt lei\u00f0ir til aukinnar eldsneytisnotkunar og \u00f3\u00fearfa losunar \u00e1 gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegundum. (e. Fuel tankering)\">eldsneytisflutninga<\/span> fr\u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0um \u00fear sem kostna\u00f0ur er l\u00e6gri. \u201eReFuelEU Aviation\u201c-regluger\u00f0in tengist tilskipun um endurn\u00fdjanlega orku (RED), einkum hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rnivi\u00f0mi\u00f0 sem SAF \u00fearf a\u00f0 uppfylla. Regluger\u00f0in er einnig \u00ed g\u00f3\u00f0u samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 ETS-tilskipunina sem inniheldur einmitt hvata fyrir flugrekendur til a\u00f0 nota sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rt flugeldsneyti \u00fear sem flugrekendur \u00feurfa ekki a\u00f0 skila inn losunarheimildum vegna losunar sem hl\u00fdst af brennslu \u00feess. Einnig geta flugrekendur s\u00f3tt um \u00fathlutun svokalla\u00f0ra SAF-<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00cd \u00feeim tilgangi a\u00f0 standa straum af ver\u00f0\u00admun \u00e1 jar\u00f0eldsneyti og sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ru flugeldsneyti a\u00f0 hluta e\u00f0a \u00f6llu leyti ver\u00f0ur 20 millj\u00f3num SAF\u00ad-heimilda (e. SAF allowances) \u00fathluta\u00f0 til flugrekenda. \u00cdslenskir flugrekendur munu geta fengi\u00f0 \u00fathluta\u00f0 SAF-heimildum sem samsvara \u00ed ver\u00f0gildi heildarver\u00f0mun \u00e1 jar\u00f0eldsneyti og sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ru flugeldsneyti, s\u00e9 sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6ra flugeldsneyti\u00f0 keypt \u00e1 flugv\u00f6llum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. \u00deetta er \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 a\u00f0l\u00f6gun \u00cdslands a\u00f0 tilskipuninni.\">heimilda<\/span> \u00e1 \u00e1runum 2024-2030, en fj\u00f6ldi \u00fathluta\u00f0ra SAF-heimilda mun grund\u00advall\u00adast \u00e1 magni sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rs flugeldsneytis (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Sustainable Aviation Fuels.\">SAF<\/span>) sem nota\u00f0 er \u00ed flugfer\u00f0um sem heyra undir ETS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-in-data-column-and-sticky\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"882\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/fueleumaritime.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-973\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/fueleumaritime.png 882w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/fueleumaritime-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-content\/uploads\/fueleumaritime-768x340.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 882px) 100vw, 882px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Til a\u00f0 draga \u00far <strong>losun vegna<\/strong> <strong>sj\u00f3flutninga <\/strong>hafa sj\u00f3flutningar veri\u00f0 felldir undir ETS-kerfi\u00f0 og n\u00fd regluger\u00f0 veri\u00f0 sett um notkun endurn\u00fdjanlegs eldsneytis og l\u00e1gkolefnaeldsneytis (<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"RLF: Renewable and low carbon fuels&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\">RLF<\/span>) \u00ed sj\u00f3flutningum (FuelEU Maritime). Auk \u00feess  hafa veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ar breytingar \u00e1 regluger\u00f0 um innvi\u00f0auppbyggingu vegna \u00f3hef\u00f0bundinna orkugjafa, tilskipun um orkuskatta og tilskipun um endurn\u00fdjanlega orku. \u00deetta samspil a\u00f0ger\u00f0a er tali\u00f0 nau\u00f0synlegt til a\u00f0 unnt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 takast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 marka\u00f0sbresti sem standa \u00ed vegi fyrir m\u00f3tv\u00e6gisa\u00f0ger\u00f0um \u00ed \u00feessum geira. A\u00f0ger\u00f0unum er \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 samdr\u00e1ttur \u00ed losun n\u00e1ist \u00e1 hagkv\u00e6man h\u00e1tt og a\u00f0 ver\u00f0 \u00e1 sj\u00f3flutningum \u00e1 v\u00f6rum endurspegli \u00feau \u00e1hrif sem \u00feeir hafa \u00e1 umhverfi, heilsu f\u00f3lks og orku\u00f6ryggi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Markmi\u00f0 \u201eFuelEU Maritime\u201c-regluger\u00f0arinnar er m.a. a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a fyrir langt\u00edmafj\u00e1rfestingum sem l\u00fata a\u00f0 endurn\u00fdjanlegu eldsneyti og l\u00e1gkolefnaeldsneyti til notkunar \u00ed sj\u00f3flutningum me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 auka kr\u00f6fur um notkun sl\u00edks eldsneytis. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed augnami\u00f0i ber \u00f6llum skipum yfir 5.000 br\u00fatt\u00f3tonnum a\u00f0 draga \u00far <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"Losunarkr\u00e6fni (e. greenhouse gas intensity) er m\u00e6likvar\u00f0i \u00e1 hversu mikil losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 vegna eldsneytis m\u00e6lt \u00ed gr\u00f6mmum kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s\u00edgilda \u00e1 hvert MJ (orkueining) yfir allan l\u00edfsferil eldsneytisins fr\u00e1 lind a\u00f0 skr\u00fafu (WTW, Well-to-Wake)&lt;em&gt;.&lt;\/em&gt;\">losunarkr\u00e6fni<\/span> skipaeldsneytis um 2% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2025 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020. \u00deetta hlutfall ver\u00f0ur 80% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2050, sj\u00e1 mynd <em>Samdr\u00e1ttur \u00ed losunarkr\u00e6fni skipaeldsneytis fr\u00e1 2025-2050<\/em>. Kr\u00f6furnar um losunarkr\u00e6fni gilda fyrir alla \u00fe\u00e1 orku sem notu\u00f0 er \u00ed siglingum milli hafna \u00e1 EES-sv\u00e6\u00f0inu en helming \u00feeirrar orku sem notu\u00f0 er \u00ed siglingum milli hafnar innan EES-sv\u00e6\u00f0isins og hafnar \u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ja r\u00edki. \u00de\u00e1 er gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2030 skuli skip yfir 5.000 br\u00fatt\u00f3tonnum n\u00fdta landtengingar til a\u00f0 m\u00e6ta raforku\u00fe\u00f6rf sinni \u00feegar \u00feau liggja \u00ed h\u00f6fn, nema \u00feau geti n\u00fdtt a\u00f0ra losunarfr\u00eda valkosti. Gert er r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 a\u00f0ger\u00f0irnar lei\u00f0i til aukinnar framlei\u00f0slu og notkunar \u00e1 RLF og hvetji til t\u00e6knin\u00fdjunga \u00ed geiranum.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"highcharts-pX69UG5Fv\"  class=\"highcharts-pX69UG5Fv\"><script src=\"https:\/\/app.everviz.com\/inject\/pX69UG5Fv\/\" defer=\"defer\"><\/script><\/div>\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rn ESB lag\u00f0i \u00ed j\u00fal\u00ed 2021 fram a\u00f0ger\u00f0apakka sem fengi\u00f0 hefur nafni\u00f0 \u201eFit for 55\u201c og kalla m\u00e6tti F\u00e6r \u00ed 55&nbsp;\u00e1 \u00edslensku. Nafni\u00f0 er dregi\u00f0 af markmi\u00f0i ESB um a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun um a.m.k. 55% \u00e1ri\u00f0 2030 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 1990, sem er \u00e1fangamarkmi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1tt a\u00f0 kolefnishlutlausri Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1ri\u00f0 2050. A\u00f0ger\u00f0apakkinn var settur [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":691,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":[],"categories":[9],"class_list":["post-789","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-itarefni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/789","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=789"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/loftslagsmal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}