{"id":977,"date":"2017-09-25T01:51:21","date_gmt":"2017-09-25T01:51:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/himinn.fjarver.is\/mengunsjavar\/?page_id=977"},"modified":"2024-10-21T17:40:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T17:40:09","slug":"977-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/","title":{"rendered":"Mengun sj\u00e1var – kennslub\u00f3k"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Form\u00e1li<\/h4>\n

\u00ddmiss konar mengunarh\u00e6tta ste\u00f0jar a\u00f0 hafinu vi\u00f0 \u00cdsland eins og \u00f6\u00f0rum hafsv\u00e6\u00f0um jar\u00f0arinnar. M\u00e1 \u00fear nefna\u00a0ol\u00edumengun, loftslagsbreytingar og s\u00farnun sj\u00e1var, \u00fargang \u00ed h\u00f6funum, efnamengun og geislavirkni.<\/p>\n

Sj\u00f3rinn er vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mur fyrir ol\u00edumengun, ekki s\u00edst \u00e1 nor\u00f0l\u00e6gum sl\u00f3\u00f0um \u00fear sem ol\u00edan brotnar seint ni\u00f0ur, l\u00edfr\u00edki\u00f0 er vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mt og vi\u00f0brag\u00f0st\u00edmi bj\u00f6rgunara\u00f0ila langur. Mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 huga a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed sem g\u00e6ti gerst ef ol\u00eda l\u00e6ki \u00far st\u00f3ru ol\u00eduflutningaskipi, e\u00f0a ef leki yr\u00f0i \u00far ol\u00edulind, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 aflei\u00f0ingarnar g\u00e6tu or\u00f0i\u00f0 geigv\u00e6nlegar. Exxon Valdez slysi\u00f0 undan str\u00f6ndum Alaska \u00e1ri\u00f0 1989 er d\u00e6mi um st\u00f3rslys af \u00feessu tagi, en \u00fear hefur l\u00edfr\u00edki\u00f0 ekki enn n\u00e1\u00f0 a\u00f0 jafna sig a\u00f0 fullu r\u00famum \u00feremur \u00e1ratugum s\u00ed\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n

Loftslagsbreytingar hafa mikil \u00e1hrif \u00e1 h\u00f6fin \u2013 yfirbor\u00f0 sj\u00e1var h\u00e6kkar, hitastig sj\u00e1var h\u00e6kkar me\u00f0 \u00fdmsum aflei\u00f0ingum fyrir l\u00edfr\u00edki\u00f0 og hugsanlegt er a\u00f0 \u00e1hrifa \u00e1 hafstrauma s\u00e9 fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta. S\u00farnun sj\u00e1var \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 alls sta\u00f0ar \u00ed heimsh\u00f6funum en \u00e1hrif s\u00farnunar koma fyrst fram \u00e1 k\u00f6ldum hafsv\u00e6\u00f0um eins og \u00cdslandsmi\u00f0um. S\u00farnun hefur m.a. \u00e1hrif \u00e1 kalkmyndandi l\u00edfverur sem eru gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega mikilv\u00e6gar fyrir vistkerfi sj\u00e1var enda grunnur f\u00e6\u00f0uke\u00f0junnar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Plastmengun hefur veri\u00f0 miki\u00f0 \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0unni undanfarin \u00e1r og alkunna er a\u00f0 st\u00f3rir plastfl\u00e1kar hafa myndast \u00e1 \u00e1kve\u00f0num st\u00f6\u00f0um \u00ed heimsh\u00f6funum. \u00deekktastur \u00feeirra er fl\u00e1kinn \u00ed nor\u00f0anver\u00f0u Kyrrahafinu. \u00de\u00e6r ranns\u00f3knir sem ger\u00f0ar hafa veri\u00f0 h\u00e9r vi\u00f0 land benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 plastmengun s\u00e9 vandam\u00e1l umhverfis \u00cdsland eins og annars sta\u00f0ar. Plastagnir hafa \u00fdmis neikv\u00e6\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00e1 l\u00edfverur \u00ed hafinu og flytja a\u00f0 auki me\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00fdmis eiturefni sem hafa rata\u00f0 \u00ed sj\u00f3inn. \u00deessi efni geta borist me\u00f0 plastinu inn \u00ed f\u00e6\u00f0uke\u00f0juna og valdi\u00f0 ska\u00f0a.<\/p>\n

Efnamengun af \u00fdmsum toga berst til sj\u00e1var b\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 bygg\u00f0 og fr\u00e1 \u00fdmiss konar atvinnustarfsemi. \u00cd Nor\u00f0ursj\u00f3, Eystrasalti og v\u00ed\u00f0ar hafa n\u00e6ringarefni sem berast \u00fat \u00ed sj\u00f3 valdi\u00f0 ofau\u00f0gun og komi\u00f0 \u00f3jafnv\u00e6gi \u00e1 l\u00edfr\u00edki\u00f0. Eins m\u00e1 finna \u00ed hafinu alls kyns \u00f3\u00e6skileg efni sem brotna mj\u00f6g seint ni\u00f0ur. H\u00e9r m\u00e1 t.d. nefna \u00fer\u00e1virk l\u00edfr\u00e6n efni sem safnast fyrir \u00e1 nor\u00f0l\u00e6gum sl\u00f3\u00f0um og finnast \u00ed vaxandi styrk \u00feegar ofar kemur \u00ed f\u00e6\u00f0uke\u00f0juna. M\u00f6rg \u00feessara efna eru krabbameinsvaldandi og\/e\u00f0a hafa horm\u00f3navirkni.<\/p>\n

Losun geislavirkra efna \u00ed hafi\u00f0 getur l\u00edka valdi\u00f0 miklu tj\u00f3ni. \u00c1\u00f0ur fyrr t\u00ed\u00f0ka\u00f0ist a\u00f0 sigla me\u00f0 geislavirkan \u00fargang \u00e1 haf \u00fat og henda honum fyrir bor\u00f0. Slys sem ver\u00f0a jafnvel \u00ed fjarl\u00e6gum heimshlutum geta haft merkjanleg \u00e1hrif h\u00e9r vi\u00f0 land. \u00deannig m\u00e6ldist geislavirkni, sem rekja m\u00e1 til slyssins \u00ed kjarnorkuverinu \u00ed Fukushima \u00ed Japan \u00e1ri\u00f0 2011, h\u00e9r vi\u00f0 land \u00e1\u00f0ur en hennar var\u00f0 vart \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum l\u00f6ndum Evr\u00f3pu. Aflei\u00f0ingar kjarnorkuslysanna \u00ed Chernobyl og Fukushima eru \u00f3gnvekjandi.<\/p>\n

Mengun vir\u00f0ir hvorki landam\u00e6ri n\u00e9 l\u00f6gs\u00f6gu r\u00edkja. \u00dev\u00ed byggja flestallar reglur um mengun hafsins \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum samningum. Tveir s\u00e9rlega mikilv\u00e6gir al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamningar \u00e1 \u00feessu svi\u00f0i eru MARPOL og OSPAR. Tilgangur MARPOL er a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir og draga \u00far losun mengunarefna fr\u00e1 skipum \u00fat \u00ed andr\u00famslofti\u00f0 og \u00ed sj\u00f3, annars vegar mengun sem orsakast af \u00f3h\u00f6ppum og hins vegar mengun sem stafar af daglegum rekstri skipa. Tilgangur OSPAR er a\u00f0 draga \u00far mengun \u00ed Nor\u00f0austur-Atlantshafinu og stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem kostur er, a\u00f0 komi\u00f0 ver\u00f0i alfari\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir hana.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00e6r breytingar sem or\u00f0i\u00f0 hafa \u00e1 \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu \u00edss \u00e1 nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0um \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum hafa auki\u00f0 a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 Nor\u00f0urskautssv\u00e6\u00f0inu. Aukin umfer\u00f0 er um sv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 og \u00e1s\u00f3kn \u00ed au\u00f0lindir \u00e1 \u00feessu vi\u00f0kv\u00e6ma sv\u00e6\u00f0i fer vaxandi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

S\u00fa hugmynd a\u00f0 \u00fatb\u00faa n\u00e1msefni um mengun sj\u00e1var \u00e1 \u00edslensku kvikna\u00f0i \u00e1ri\u00f0 2016 og fyrsta \u00fatg\u00e1fa kennslub\u00f3karinnar var\u00f0 a\u00f0 veruleika um 18 m\u00e1nu\u00f0um s\u00ed\u00f0ar. Markmi\u00f0 verkefnisins var a\u00f0 b\u00faa til a\u00f0gengilegt og fr\u00e6\u00f0andi kennsluefni fyrir sk\u00f3lakrakka; fr\u00e6\u00f0sluefni, sem vonandi getur einnig n\u00fdst \u00e1hugas\u00f6mu f\u00f3lki \u00e1 \u00f6llum aldri. Fyrri hluti verkefnisins, var unninn me\u00f0 styrkjum fr\u00e1 Ranns\u00f3knasj\u00f3\u00f0i s\u00edldar\u00fatvegsins og Rann\u00eds og f\u00f3l \u00ed s\u00e9r umfj\u00f6llun um ol\u00edumengun, loftslagsm\u00e1l, \u00fargang, efnamengun og geislavirkni. Birna Sigr\u00fan Hallsd\u00f3ttir, umhverfisverkfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur, vann \u00feennan hluta verkefnisins a\u00f0 langmestu leyti en \u00c6var \u00de\u00f3r Benediktsson, leikari og rith\u00f6fundur, kom einnig a\u00f0 verkefninu. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2018 var \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 umfj\u00f6llun um umhverfis\u00e1hrif siglinga, al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamninga og umhverfism\u00e1l nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0a. S\u00e1 hluti verkefnisins var unninn af Birnu og Hrafnhildi Bragad\u00f3ttur, l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingi, me\u00f0 styrk fr\u00e1 Ranns\u00f3knasj\u00f3\u00f0i s\u00edldar\u00fatvegsins. Edda Kar\u00f3l\u00edna \u00c6varsd\u00f3ttir, myndlistarkona, teikna\u00f0i sk\u00fdringarmyndir. Sigur\u00f0ur B. Finnsson, e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur, a\u00f0sto\u00f0a\u00f0i vi\u00f0 vefh\u00f6nnun og myndvinnslu og Stef\u00e1n G\u00edslason, umhverfisstj\u00f3rnunarfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur, s\u00e1 um yfirlestur og kom me\u00f0 fj\u00f6lmargar gagnlegar \u00e1bendingar um or\u00f0alag. \u00de\u00e1 a\u00f0sto\u00f0a\u00f0i Brynd\u00eds Gunnarsd\u00f3ttir framhaldssk\u00f3lanemi \u00e1 \u00fdmsan h\u00e1tt. A\u00f0 verkefninu komu einnig S\u00f3lveig \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir og Hr\u00f6nn Egilsd\u00f3ttir s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar\u00a0 \u00e1 Hafranns\u00f3knastofnun, Sesselja Bjarnad\u00f3ttir, s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur hj\u00e1 umhverfis- og au\u00f0lindar\u00e1\u00f0uneytinu og Sigurr\u00f3s Fri\u00f0riksd\u00f3ttir teymisstj\u00f3ri hj\u00e1 Umhverfisstofnun. Halld\u00f3r Bj\u00f6rnsson, haf- og ve\u00f0urfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur, og J\u00f3n \u00d3lafsson, haffr\u00e6\u00f0ingur, a\u00f0sto\u00f0u\u00f0u vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 finna myndir. Kennslub\u00f3kin hefur veri\u00f0 uppf\u00e6r\u00f0 reglulega, s\u00ed\u00f0ast \u00e1ri\u00f0 2024. Vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 uppf\u00e6rslu kom Sigr\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir, kennari vi\u00f0 Skipstj\u00f3rnarsk\u00f3lann, me\u00f0 margar nytsamlegar \u00e1bendingar.<\/p>\n

Til a\u00f0 gera n\u00e1msefni\u00f0 skiljanlegra eru sum or\u00f0 og hugt\u00f6k \u00fatsk\u00fdr\u00f0 n\u00e1nar \u2013 \u00feessi or\u00f0 eru skygg\u00f0 og sj\u00e1st or\u00f0sk\u00fdringarnar \u00feegar fari\u00f0 er me\u00f0 t\u00f6lvum\u00fasina yfir or\u00f0i\u00f0. \u00cd lok hvers kafla er a\u00f0 finna b\u00e6\u00f0i sj\u00e1lfspr\u00f3f og spurningar \u00far efni kaflans. Sj\u00e1lfspr\u00f3fin samanstanda af nokkrum fj\u00f6lvalsspurningum sem nemendur geta svara\u00f0 og fengi\u00f0 strax ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u um gengi sitt og \u00fear me\u00f0 gert s\u00e9r grein fyrir hversu vel \u00feeir hafa skili\u00f0 vi\u00f0komandi kafla. Tr\u00fa h\u00f6funda er a\u00f0 n\u00e1msefni\u00f0 henti best nemendum \u00e1 framhaldssk\u00f3lastigi. Vonir okkar standa \u00fe\u00f3 til \u00feess a\u00f0 kennarar geti kennt grunnsk\u00f3lanemendum valda kafla. \u00de\u00e1 myndi \u00fea\u00f0 gle\u00f0ja okkur miki\u00f0 ef almenningur myndi lesa og nota n\u00e1msefni\u00f0 eftir \u00e1huga og \u00fe\u00f6rfum.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Form\u00e1li \u00ddmiss konar mengunarh\u00e6tta ste\u00f0jar a\u00f0 hafinu vi\u00f0 \u00cdsland eins og \u00f6\u00f0rum hafsv\u00e6\u00f0um jar\u00f0arinnar. M\u00e1 \u00fear nefna\u00a0ol\u00edumengun, loftslagsbreytingar og s\u00farnun sj\u00e1var, \u00fargang \u00ed h\u00f6funum, efnamengun og geislavirkni. Sj\u00f3rinn er vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mur fyrir ol\u00edumengun, ekki s\u00edst \u00e1 nor\u00f0l\u00e6gum sl\u00f3\u00f0um \u00fear sem ol\u00edan Lesa meira…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3331,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-977","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=977"}],"version-history":[{"count":78,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/977\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4015,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/977\/revisions\/4015"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}