{"id":183,"date":"2017-09-17T17:31:35","date_gmt":"2017-09-17T17:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/80.85.86.254\/sjor\/?p=183"},"modified":"2020-12-30T17:15:41","modified_gmt":"2020-12-30T17:15:41","slug":"1-6-lifriki-sjavar-faedukedja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2017\/09\/17\/1-6-lifriki-sjavar-faedukedja\/","title":{"rendered":"1.6 L\u00edfr\u00edki sj\u00e1var \u2013 f\u00e6\u00f0uke\u00f0ja"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eins og kom fram h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan er \u00edslenska hafsv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 frj\u00f3samt. Grundv\u00f6llur \u00feessarar frj\u00f3semi er mikil framlei\u00f0ni svif\u00fe\u00f6runga vi\u00f0 landi\u00f0 sem rekja m\u00e1 til frambo\u00f0s n\u00e6ringarefna \u00ed yfirbor\u00f0sl\u00f6gum sj\u00e1var. Svif\u00fe\u00f6rungarnir (l\u00edka kalla\u00f0ir pl\u00f6ntusvif) eru svo \u00e9tnir af d\u00fdrasvifi t.d. rau\u00f0\u00e1tu, sem er mikilv\u00e6g f\u00e6\u00f0a margra fiskitegunda, t.d. lo\u00f0nu. Lo\u00f0nan er mikilv\u00e6g f\u00e6\u00f0a fyrir \u00feorskinn. \u00ddmis st\u00e6rri d\u00fdr og spend\u00fdr, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al ma\u00f0urinn, \u00e9ta svo \u00feorskinn eins og kunnugt er. \u00deetta er \u00fea\u00f0 sem er oft kalla\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0uke\u00f0ja<\/em> (mynd 1.5). F\u00e6\u00f0uke\u00f0ju l\u00edfr\u00edkisins m\u00e1 skipta \u00ed fj\u00f3ra hluta: s\u00f3lina sem er uppspretta orku l\u00edfr\u00edkisins, frumframlei\u00f0endur<\/span>, neytendur<\/span> og sundrendur.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Mynd 1.5. D\u00e6mi um f\u00e6\u00f0uke\u00f0ju \u00e1 landi og \u00ed sj\u00f3.<\/p><\/div>\n

Reyndar er r\u00e9ttara a\u00f0 tala um f\u00e6\u00f0uvef<\/em> en f\u00e6\u00f0uke\u00f0ju, \u00fear sem oft er um mj\u00f6g fl\u00f3kin f\u00e6\u00f0utengsl a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. Grunnurinn \u00ed f\u00e6\u00f0uvef hafsins eru sums\u00e9 svifl\u00e6gir \u00fe\u00f6rungar. \u00deeir, l\u00edkt og pl\u00f6ntur \u00feurrlendis, fanga orku s\u00f3larinnar me\u00f0 lj\u00f3still\u00edfun til \u00feess a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0a l\u00edfr\u00e6n efni \u00far \u00f3l\u00edfr\u00e6num efnum, \u00fea\u00f0 er efnum eins og vatni, kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0i, fosf\u00f3rsamb\u00f6ndum og n\u00edtrati. D\u00fdrasvif eru sm\u00e1d\u00fdr \u00ed efstu l\u00f6gum sj\u00e1var sem lifa innan um svif\u00fe\u00f6rungana. D\u00fdrasvifi\u00f0 \u00e9tur pl\u00f6ntusvifi\u00f0, sem sagt n\u00fdtir s\u00e9r pl\u00f6ntusvifi\u00f0 til vaxtar og vi\u00f0halds. \u00cd \u00feessum fj\u00f6lbreytilega flokki eru afar mikilv\u00e6gir h\u00f3par d\u00fdra fr\u00e1 vistfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i, t.d. rau\u00f0\u00e1ta og a\u00f0rar\u00a0\u00e1rf\u00e6tlur<\/span> sem eru mikilv\u00e6g f\u00e6\u00f0a \u00fdmissa fisklirfa og \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed lykilhlutverki \u00ed vexti og vi\u00f0gangi helstu nytjastofna okkar. \u00d6nnur d\u00fdr sem lifa \u00e1 \u00feessum sm\u00e1s\u00e6ju krabbad\u00fdrum eru uppsj\u00e1varhryggleysingjar eins og p\u00edlormar og lj\u00f3s\u00e1tur en lj\u00f3s\u00e1tur eru mikilv\u00e6g f\u00e6\u00f0a fyrir st\u00e6rstu n\u00falifandi d\u00fdr heims, rey\u00f0arhvali, en einnig ungfisk af \u00fdmsum tegundum. Rau\u00f0\u00e1tan er hins vegar langmikilv\u00e6gasta svifd\u00fdri\u00f0 \u00ed hafinu vi\u00f0 \u00cdsland en fj\u00f6ldi sm\u00e1vaxinna d\u00fdra byggir tilvist s\u00edna beint \u00e1 rau\u00f0\u00e1tunni. \u00deetta \u00e1 m.a. vi\u00f0 um fiska \u00e1 lirfu- og sei\u00f0astigi auk \u00fdmissa sm\u00e6rri r\u00e1nd\u00fdra sem lifa \u00ed efstu l\u00f6gum sj\u00e1var. Rau\u00f0\u00e1tan er \u00fev\u00ed mikilv\u00e6g fyrir v\u00f6xt og vi\u00f0gang helstu fiskistofna h\u00e9r vi\u00f0 land, til a\u00f0 mynda \u00feorsks og \u00fdsu, og er \u00fev\u00ed mikilv\u00e6g fyrir sj\u00e1var\u00fatveg og efnahag landsmanna. \u00dat fr\u00e1 vistfr\u00e6\u00f0inni m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 rau\u00f0\u00e1tan s\u00e9 tengili\u00f0ur \u00e1 milli frumframlei\u00f0slu svif\u00fe\u00f6runganna og d\u00fdra sem eru ofar \u00ed f\u00e6\u00f0uke\u00f0junni.<\/p>\n

Einn li\u00f0ur \u00ed f\u00e6\u00f0uvef hafsins er botnd\u00fdral\u00edfi\u00f0. Millj\u00f3nir tonna af l\u00edfr\u00e6num leifum falla \u00e1rlega til botns og eru leifarnar grunnur a\u00f0 fj\u00f6lbreytilegu d\u00fdral\u00edfi botnl\u00e6gra l\u00edfvera. \u00c1 botninum lifa \u00f3tal tegundir sem n\u00fdta s\u00e9r beint e\u00f0a \u00f3beint l\u00edfr\u00e6nar leifar \u00far efri l\u00f6gum sj\u00e1var. \u00deetta eru allt fr\u00e1 bakter\u00edum til fj\u00f6lda tegunda sj\u00e1varhryggleysingja og m\u00e1 \u00fear nefna \u00fer\u00e1\u00f0orma, krabbad\u00fdr, r\u00e6kjur og samlokur. Auk \u00feeirra lifir mikill fj\u00f6ldi fiska hr\u00e6l\u00edfi \u00ed og vi\u00f0 botninn. \u00dear m\u00e1 helst nefna \u00fdsu og fj\u00f6lda tegunda flatfiska, til d\u00e6mis sandhverfu og skarkola en einnig steinb\u00edt. Bakter\u00edur brj\u00f3ta ni\u00f0ur dau\u00f0ar l\u00edfverur og l\u00edfr\u00e6nar leifar og vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 leysast mikilv\u00e6g efni eins og fosf\u00f3r og k\u00f6fnunarefni aftur \u00fat \u00ed umhverfi\u00f0. Efnin berast s\u00ed\u00f0an aftur til yfirbor\u00f0slaga sj\u00e1var og n\u00fdtast a\u00f0 n\u00fdju vi\u00f0 frumframlei\u00f0slu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Eins og kom fram h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan er \u00edslenska hafsv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 frj\u00f3samt. Grundv\u00f6llur \u00feessarar frj\u00f3semi er mikil framlei\u00f0ni svif\u00fe\u00f6runga vi\u00f0 landi\u00f0 sem rekja m\u00e1 til frambo\u00f0s n\u00e6ringarefna \u00ed yfirbor\u00f0sl\u00f6gum sj\u00e1var. Svif\u00fe\u00f6rungarnir (l\u00edka kalla\u00f0ir pl\u00f6ntusvif) eru svo \u00e9tnir af d\u00fdrasvifi t.d. rau\u00f0\u00e1tu, Lesa meira…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1000,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-01-umsjoinn"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=183"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3354,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183\/revisions\/3354"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}