{"id":2564,"date":"2019-07-28T01:00:27","date_gmt":"2019-07-28T01:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/himinn.fjarver.is\/mengunsjavar\/?p=2564"},"modified":"2024-10-16T19:17:08","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T19:17:08","slug":"7-umhverfisahrif-siglinga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2019\/07\/28\/7-umhverfisahrif-siglinga\/","title":{"rendered":"7. Umhverfis\u00e1hrif siglinga"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>7.1 Inngangur<\/h4>\n<p>Fiskvei\u00f0ar eru einn mikilv\u00e6gasti atvinnuvegur \u00cdslendinga og sj\u00e1varfang nokku\u00f0 oft \u00e1 diskum landsmanna, \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 neysla \u00feess hafi fari\u00f0 minnkandi \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum og \u00e1ratugum. H\u00f6fin gegna reyndar st\u00f3ru hlutverki fyrir f\u00e6\u00f0u\u00f6flun alls mannkyns. \u00c1 heimsv\u00edsu rei\u00f0ir um milljar\u00f0ur manna sig \u00e1 sj\u00e1varfang sem helstu uppsprettu pr\u00f3t\u00edns \u00ed f\u00e6\u00f0u.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00f6fin gegna st\u00f3ru hlutverki \u00ed m\u00f6rgu \u00f6\u00f0ru en f\u00e6\u00f0u\u00f6flun. \u00deau flytja t.d. varma fr\u00e1 mi\u00f0baug til p\u00f3lsv\u00e6\u00f0a og tempra \u00feannig loftslag. Helmingur \u00feess s\u00farefnis sem vi\u00f0 \u00f6ndum a\u00f0 okkur myndast \u00feegar pl\u00f6ntusvif \u00ed sj\u00f3num lj\u00f3still\u00edfar. Vi\u00f0 notum h\u00f6fin til af\u00fereyingar, t.d. vi\u00f0 sportvei\u00f0ar, skemmtisiglingar og hvalasko\u00f0un. Og s\u00ed\u00f0ast en ekki s\u00edst notum vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fin til a\u00f0 flytja v\u00f6rur.<\/p>\n<p>Siglingar um h\u00f6fin hafa margs konar \u00e1hrif \u00e1 umhverfi\u00f0, hver svo sem tilgangur siglinganna er (fiskvei\u00f0ar, f\u00f3lks- og v\u00f6ruflutningar e\u00f0a anna\u00f0). Helstu \u00e1hrifin eru \u00feessi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ol\u00edumengun,<\/li>\n<li>losun \u00fdmissa efna og efnasambanda,<\/li>\n<li>losun sk\u00f3lps og \u00fargangs,<\/li>\n<li>loftmengun vegna notkunar efna og eldsneytis um bor\u00f0,<\/li>\n<li>flutningur framandi l\u00edfvera milli hafsv\u00e6\u00f0a me\u00f0 kj\u00f6lfestuvatni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cd \u00feessum kafla ver\u00f0ur fjalla\u00f0 um framangreinda \u00fe\u00e6tti. Auk \u00feessara \u00e1hrifa getur h\u00e1va\u00f0i og beinir \u00e1rekstrar vegna siglinga haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 l\u00edfr\u00edki sj\u00e1var en ekki ver\u00f0ur fjalla\u00f0 frekar um \u00fe\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e6tti h\u00e9r. Ekki ver\u00f0ur heldur fjalla\u00f0 um \u00e1hrif vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ra.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2931\" style=\"width: 9693px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/gamaskip.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2931\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2931\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/gamaskip.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"9683\" height=\"5000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/gamaskip.jpg 9683w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/gamaskip-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/gamaskip-768x397.jpg 768w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/gamaskip-1024x529.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 9683px) 100vw, 9683px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2931\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mynd 7.1. Umhverfis\u00e1hrif siglinga.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Siglingar eru hnattr\u00e6nn atvinnuvegur og mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 samr\u00e6mdar reglur gildi um \u00fe\u00e6r hvar \u00ed heiminum sem er. Mengun vir\u00f0ir auk \u00feess engin landam\u00e6ri, hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 l\u00f6gs\u00f6gu einstakra r\u00edkja. Af \u00feessum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um byggja flestallar reglur um mengun hafs \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum samningum. MARPOL-samningurinn er mikilv\u00e6gasti al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamningurinn sem fjallar um mengun fr\u00e1 skipum. Samningurinn, sem heitir fullu nafni <em>Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamningur um varnir gegn mengun fr\u00e1 skipum,<\/em> er rammasamningur sem inniheldur n\u00e1nari \u00fatf\u00e6rslu \u00ed 6 vi\u00f0aukum. \u00deeir eru:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vi\u00f0auki I: Varnir gegn ol\u00edumengun fr\u00e1 skipum.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u00f0auki II: Varnir gegn mengun vegna eitra\u00f0ra efna \u00ed flj\u00f3tandi formi sem flutt eru \u00ed geymum skipa.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u00f0auki III: Varnir gegn mengun af v\u00f6ldum h\u00e6ttulegra efna sem flutt eru \u00ed p\u00f6kku\u00f0u formi.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u00f0auki IV: Varnir gegn sk\u00f3lpmengun fr\u00e1 skipum.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u00f0auki V: Varnir gegn sorpmengun fr\u00e1 skipum.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u00f0auki VI: Varnir gegn loftmengun fr\u00e1 skipum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cd MARPOL-samningnum og vi\u00f0aukum hans er a\u00f0 finna \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i til a\u00f0 draga \u00far mengun \u2013 b\u00e6\u00f0i hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar siglingat\u00e6knileg atri\u00f0i og atri\u00f0i er var\u00f0a rekstur skipa. Einnig eru skilgreind s\u00e9rhafsv\u00e6\u00f0i og fjalla\u00f0 um skyldur hafna til a\u00f0 taka vi\u00f0 alls kyns \u00fargangi (s.s. \u00fargangsol\u00edu, sorpi, sk\u00f3lpi o.fl.). S\u00e9rhafsv\u00e6\u00f0i er hafsv\u00e6\u00f0i sem \u00fearfnast s\u00e9rstakrar verndar. \u00dear gilda strangari reglur um varnir gegn mengun en \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum hafsv\u00e6\u00f0um. <em>Samningur um kj\u00f6lfestuvatn<\/em> og <em>Samningur um gr\u00f3\u00f0urhindrandi efni\u00a0<\/em>eru a\u00f0rir al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamningar sem r\u00e9tt er a\u00f0 nefna. N\u00e1nari umfj\u00f6llun um al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamninga er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed kafla <a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2019\/08\/07\/8-althjodasamningar-um-mengun-fra-skipum\/\">8<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2932\" style=\"width: 1078px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/mynd7_2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2932\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2932\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/mynd7_2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1068\" height=\"660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/mynd7_2.png 1068w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/mynd7_2-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/mynd7_2-768x475.png 768w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/mynd7_2-1024x633.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1068px) 100vw, 1068px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2932\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mynd 7.2. S\u00e9rhafsv\u00e6\u00f0i skv. vi\u00f0aukum MARPOL-samningsins. R\u00f3mversku n\u00famerin \u00ed sviganum v\u00edsa til vi\u00f0auka I-VI vi\u00f0 samninginn. Vi\u00f0auki I tekur \u00e1 ol\u00edumengun, II \u00e1 efnamengun, IV \u00e1 sk\u00f3lpmengun, V \u00e1 sorpmengun og VI \u00e1 loftmengun (n\u00e1nar er fjalla\u00f0 um NECA og SECA \u00ed kafla 7.5).<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>7.1 Inngangur Fiskvei\u00f0ar eru einn mikilv\u00e6gasti atvinnuvegur \u00cdslendinga og sj\u00e1varfang nokku\u00f0 oft \u00e1 diskum landsmanna, \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 neysla \u00feess hafi fari\u00f0 minnkandi \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum og \u00e1ratugum. H\u00f6fin gegna reyndar st\u00f3ru hlutverki fyrir f\u00e6\u00f0u\u00f6flun alls mannkyns. \u00c1 heimsv\u00edsu rei\u00f0ir um <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2019\/07\/28\/7-umhverfisahrif-siglinga\/\">Lesa meira&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1005,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7-umhverfisahrifsiglinga"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2564"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4001,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2564\/revisions\/4001"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}