{"id":2602,"date":"2019-08-07T04:00:33","date_gmt":"2019-08-07T04:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/himinn.fjarver.is\/mengunsjavar\/?p=2602"},"modified":"2024-10-21T22:48:27","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T22:48:27","slug":"8-4-samningar-um-loftmengun-vernd-osonlagsins-og-loftslagsbreytingar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2019\/08\/07\/8-4-samningar-um-loftmengun-vernd-osonlagsins-og-loftslagsbreytingar\/","title":{"rendered":"8.4 Samningar um loftmengun, vernd \u00f3sonlagsins og loftslagsbreytingar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Umhverfis\u00e1hrif skipasiglinga eru ekki eing\u00f6ngu bundin vi\u00f0 haf og strendur. Eldsneytisbrennsla um bor\u00f0 \u00ed skipum hefur \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r losun \u00fdmissa loftmengunarefna sem geta haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 heilsu manna og umhverfi. Loftmengun af v\u00f6ldum skemmtifer\u00f0askipa hefur t.d. veri\u00f0 til umr\u00e6\u00f0u h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi og v\u00ed\u00f0ar undanfarin \u00e1r. Auk \u00feess losna t.d. b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00f3soney\u00f0andi efni og gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegundir fr\u00e1 k\u00e6likerfum um bor\u00f0 \u00ed skipum. Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nari umfj\u00f6llun \u00ed kafla 7.5<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Eins og fram \u00ed kafla 8.3<\/a> er fjalla\u00f0 um loftmengun fr\u00e1 skipum \u00ed vi\u00f0auka VI vi\u00f0 MARPOL-samninginn. Vi\u00f0aukinn hefur a\u00f0 geyma takmarkanir \u00e1 losun tiltekinna loftmengunarefna fr\u00e1 skipum og heimilar r\u00edkjum a\u00f0 skilgreina s\u00e9rst\u00f6k sv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 hafi \u00fear sem \u00fe\u00f6rf er \u00e1 strangari kr\u00f6fum.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Mynd 8.7. V\u00edkingur vi\u00f0 Eystra-Horn.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00cd al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legu samstarfi um loftslagsm\u00e1l \u00e1 grunni loftslagssamnings Sameinu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna er gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asiglingam\u00e1lastofnunin muni sam\u00feykkja reglur til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda vegna al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legra siglinga. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2003 var umhverfisnefnd Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asiglingam\u00e1lastofnunarinnar fali\u00f0 a\u00f0 leita lausna til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun fr\u00e1 skipum me\u00f0 t\u00e6knilegum og rekstrarlegum a\u00f0ger\u00f0um, auk \u00feess sem kanna\u00f0 skyldi hvort n\u00fdta m\u00e6tti marka\u00f0s\u00f6flin til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 \u00e1rangri. A\u00f0ger\u00f0ir l\u00e9tu b\u00ed\u00f0a eftir s\u00e9r lengi vel og s\u00e6tti Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asiglingam\u00e1lastofnunin har\u00f0ri gagnr\u00fdni um \u00e1rabil fyrir seinagang vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00f3ta stefnu \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum. \u00c1fangi n\u00e1\u00f0ist innan stofnunarinnar \u00e1ri\u00f0 2011 \u00feegar h\u00fan sam\u00feykkti al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legar kr\u00f6fur um t\u00e6knilegan b\u00fana\u00f0 n\u00fdrra skipa til a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun kold\u00edox\u00ed\u00f0s vegna eldsneytisbrennslu. Einnig voru sam\u00feykktar almennar reglur um orkusparna\u00f0 \u00ed rekstri sem gilda um \u00f6ll skip og er \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 skip sem bygg\u00f0 ver\u00f0a \u00e1ri\u00f0 2025 ver\u00f0i 30% orkun\u00fdtnari en \u00feau sem bygg\u00f0 voru \u00e1ri\u00f0 2014. Kr\u00f6funum var b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0auka VI. vi\u00f0 MARPOL-samninginn um loftmengun og t\u00f3ku \u00fe\u00e6r gildi 1. jan\u00faar 2013. Stofnunin steig s\u00ed\u00f0an st\u00e6rra skref \u00ed loftslagsm\u00e1lum \u00e1ri\u00f0 2018 \u00feegar umhverfisnefnd hennar sam\u00feykkti stefnu um a\u00f0 draga \u00far losun gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda fr\u00e1 skipum um a.m.k. 50% fyrir \u00e1ri\u00f0 2050. Stefnan var endursko\u00f0u\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2023 og felur n\u00fa \u00ed s\u00e9r a\u00f0 losun fr\u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum siglingum n\u00e1i h\u00e1marki eins flj\u00f3tt og m\u00f6gulegt er og dragist s\u00ed\u00f0an saman \u00feannig a\u00f0 kolefnishlutleysi n\u00e1ist um mi\u00f0ja \u00f6ldina. Skylt ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 tryggja uppt\u00f6ku l\u00e1gkolefnaeldsneytis og t\u00e6kni sem stu\u00f0lar a\u00f0 l\u00edtilli losun. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2030 skal losun hafa dregist saman um 20% fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2008, \u00fe\u00f3 helst 30%, og \u00e1ri\u00f0 2040 skal losun hafa dregist saman um 70% fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2008, \u00fe\u00f3 helst 80%. A\u00f0ger\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 \u00feessum markmi\u00f0um skulu vera b\u00e6\u00f0i t\u00e6knilegar (skipaeldsneytissta\u00f0all) og efnahagslegar (ver\u00f0lagning \u00e1 losun).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdsland er a\u00f0ili a\u00f0 Montreal-b\u00f3kuninni um vernd \u00f3sonlagsins sem hefur \u00e1hrif \u00e1 notkun \u00fdmiss konar efna sem notu\u00f0 eru sem k\u00e6limi\u00f0lar um bor\u00f0 \u00ed skipum, m.a. vetniskl\u00f3rfl\u00faorkolefna (HCFC) og kl\u00f3rfl\u00faorkolefna (CFC). H\u00e9r \u00e1 landi sem v\u00ed\u00f0ar hefur \u00feessum efnum a\u00f0 miklu leyti veri\u00f0 skipt \u00fat fyrir vetnisfl\u00faorkolefni (HFC) sem skapar vandam\u00e1l fyrir loftslagi\u00f0 enda eru vetnisfl\u00faorkolefni mj\u00f6g \u00f6flugar gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegundir. Til a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 \u00feessu var \u00e1ri\u00f0 2016 sam\u00feykkt breyting \u00e1 Montreal-b\u00f3kuninni, svonefnd Kigali-breyting, sem gerir r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 notkun vetnisfl\u00faorkolefna ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 mestu leyti h\u00e6tt \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu \u00e1ri\u00f0 2036. Kigali-breytingin t\u00f3k gildi 1. jan\u00faar 2019 fyrir \u00feau r\u00edki sem hafa fullgilt hana. \u00cdsland fullgilti breytinguna \u00ed jan\u00faar 2021. Me\u00f0\u00a0regluger\u00f0 nr. 1066\/2019<\/a> um fl\u00faora\u00f0ar gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegundir <\/em>voru settir stigminnkandi innflutningskv\u00f3tar \u00e1 HFC-efni h\u00e9rlendis \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 Kigali-breytinguna. Innflutningskv\u00f3tarnir voru svo minnka\u00f0ir me\u00f0 regluger\u00f0 nr. 1425\/2020 <\/a>um breytingu \u00e1 fyrrnefndri regluger\u00f0.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Umhverfis\u00e1hrif skipasiglinga eru ekki eing\u00f6ngu bundin vi\u00f0 haf og strendur. Eldsneytisbrennsla um bor\u00f0 \u00ed skipum hefur \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r losun \u00fdmissa loftmengunarefna sem geta haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 heilsu manna og umhverfi. Loftmengun af v\u00f6ldum skemmtifer\u00f0askipa hefur t.d. veri\u00f0 til Lesa meira…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1002,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-8-althjodasamningarummengunfraskipum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2602"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2602\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4049,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2602\/revisions\/4049"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}