{"id":2606,"date":"2019-08-07T05:00:16","date_gmt":"2019-08-07T05:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/himinn.fjarver.is\/mengunsjavar\/?p=2606"},"modified":"2024-10-21T22:54:20","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T22:54:20","slug":"8-5-megindraettir-islenskrar-loggjafar-um-mengun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2019\/08\/07\/8-5-megindraettir-islenskrar-loggjafar-um-mengun\/","title":{"rendered":"8.5 Megindr\u00e6ttir \u00edslenskrar l\u00f6ggjafar um mengun"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00e9r \u00e1 landi er reglur um mengun fr\u00e1 skipum fyrst og fremst a\u00f0 finna \u00ed l\u00f6gum nr. 33\/2004 um varnir gegn mengun hafs og stranda, Skipal\u00f6gum nr. 66\/2021 og l\u00f6gum nr. 41\/2003 um vaktst\u00f6\u00f0 siglinga, \u00e1samt fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum regluger\u00f0um sem hafa veri\u00f0 settar me\u00f0 sto\u00f0 \u00ed framangreindum l\u00f6gum.<\/p>\n

8.5.1 L\u00f6g um varnir gegn mengun hafs og stranda<\/h3>\n

L\u00f6g nr. 33\/2004 um varnir gegn mengun hafs og stranda<\/a> eru heildarl\u00f6g um m\u00e1laflokkinn. Markmi\u00f0 laganna er a\u00f0 vernda hafi\u00f0 og strendur \u00cdslands gegn mengun og ath\u00f6fnum sem geta stofna\u00f0 heilbrig\u00f0i manna \u00ed h\u00e6ttu, ska\u00f0a\u00f0 lifandi au\u00f0lindir hafsins og raska\u00f0 l\u00edfr\u00edki \u00feess, spillt umhverfinu e\u00f0a hindra\u00f0 l\u00f6gm\u00e6ta n\u00fdtingu hafs og stranda. Einnig er markmi\u00f0 laganna a\u00f0 eftir mengunar\u00f3happ ver\u00f0i umhverfi\u00f0 f\u00e6rt til fyrra horfs.<\/p>\n

L\u00f6gin gilda um \u00edslensk og erlend skip sem sigla innan mengunarl\u00f6gs\u00f6gu \u00cdslands. Me\u00f0 mengunarl\u00f6gs\u00f6gu er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 hafsv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 sem n\u00e6r yfir inns\u00e6vi a\u00f0 me\u00f0talinni str\u00f6nd a\u00f0 efstu fl\u00f3\u00f0m\u00f6rkum \u00e1 st\u00f3rstraumsfl\u00f3\u00f0i, landhelgi og efnahagsl\u00f6gs\u00f6gu, landgrunn \u00cdslands og efstu jar\u00f0l\u00f6g. Innan mengunarl\u00f6gs\u00f6gunnar \u00feurfa skip a\u00f0 uppfylla b\u00e6\u00f0i almennt vi\u00f0urkenndar al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legar reglur og tilteknar \u00edslenskar s\u00e9rreglur um mengunarvarnir. \u00deessar reglur fjalla m.a. um losun \u00fdmissa mengunarefna \u00ed hafi\u00f0, m.a. ol\u00edu, l\u00fdsis, gr\u00fatar, sk\u00f3lps og sorps, losun kj\u00f6lfestuvatns, varp efna og hluta \u00ed hafi\u00f0 fr\u00e1 skipum, brennslu \u00fargangsefna \u00e1 hafi \u00fati, me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun \u00fargangs og farmleifa fr\u00e1 skipum \u00ed h\u00f6fnum og eldsneyti sem skipum er heimilt a\u00f0 nota, m.a. \u00feegar \u00feau liggja \u00ed h\u00f6fn.<\/p>\n

Fj\u00f6lmargar regluger\u00f0ir hafa veri\u00f0 settar me\u00f0 sto\u00f0 \u00ed l\u00f6gum um varnir gegn mengun hafs og stranda sem \u00fatf\u00e6ra \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feeirra n\u00e1nar, t.d. regluger\u00f0 nr. 586\/2017<\/a> um innlei\u00f0ingu vi\u00f0auka I, II, III, V og VI vi\u00f0 MARPOL-samninginn, regluger\u00f0 nr. 809\/1999<\/a> um ol\u00edu\u00fargang, regluger\u00f0 nr. 800\/2004<\/a> um umskipun ol\u00edu \u00e1 r\u00famsj\u00f3, regluger\u00f0 nr. 1200\/2014<\/a> um m\u00f3tt\u00f6ku \u00e1 \u00fargangi og farmleifum fr\u00e1 skipum, regluger\u00f0 nr. 515\/2010<\/a> um kj\u00f6lfestuvatn, regluger\u00f0 nr. 1010\/2012<\/a> um vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 vi\u00f0 br\u00e1\u00f0amengun hafs og stranda og regluger\u00f0 nr. 824\/2005<\/a> um takm\u00f6rkun \u00e1 notkun ska\u00f0legra gr\u00f3\u00f0urhindrandi efna og\/e\u00f0a b\u00fana\u00f0ar \u00e1 skip.<\/p>\n

Eftirlit me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skip sem sigla innan mengunarl\u00f6gs\u00f6gunnar uppfylli \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i laga og regluger\u00f0a um mengunarvarnir er \u00ed h\u00f6ndum Umhverfisstofnunar (eftirlit me\u00f0 b\u00fana\u00f0i skipa er \u00fe\u00f3 \u00ed h\u00f6ndum Samg\u00f6ngustofu, sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nar \u00ed kafla 8.5.2). Umhverfisstofnun skal hafa a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 uppl\u00fdsingum sem nau\u00f0synlegar eru til eftirlits me\u00f0 skipum, m.a. s\u00fdnum, m\u00e6lingum og sk\u00fdrslum um athuganir vegna mengunarvarna. Umhverfisstofnun f\u00e6r einnig tilkynningar um mengun hafs og stranda fr\u00e1 Landhelgisg\u00e6slu \u00cdslands, sem fer me\u00f0 eftirlit me\u00f0 hafsv\u00e6\u00f0um umhverfis \u00cdslands \u00far lofti sem af sj\u00f3 og sty\u00f0st auk \u00feess vi\u00f0 gervitunglamyndir fr\u00e1 Siglinga\u00f6ryggisstofnun Evr\u00f3pu (EMSA). Ef h\u00e6tta er talin \u00e1 mengun hafs og stranda e\u00f0a ef mengun hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed tr\u00e1ssi vi\u00f0 l\u00f6gin er Umhverfisstofnun heimilt a\u00f0 framkv\u00e6ma athugun \u00e1 skipi \u00e1n d\u00f3ms\u00farskur\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Mynd 8.8. Reykjav\u00edkurh\u00f6fn.<\/p><\/div>\n

L\u00f6g um varnir gegn mengun hafs og stranda gilda ekki eing\u00f6ngu um skip innan mengunarl\u00f6gs\u00f6gu \u00cdslands heldur einnig um \u00edslensk skip utan mengunarl\u00f6gs\u00f6gu \u00cdslands. Eins og fram kom \u00ed kafla 8.2<\/a> er \u00cdslandi sem f\u00e1nar\u00edki skylt til a\u00f0 innlei\u00f0a al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legar reglur um mengunarvarnir fyrir skip skr\u00e1\u00f0 h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. \u00cdslandi er einnig skylt a\u00f0 tryggja eins og kostur er a\u00f0 skipin fylgi reglunum hvar sem \u00feau eru st\u00f6dd. \u00cdslenskum skipum ber \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00feetta a\u00f0 tilkynna Landhelgisg\u00e6slu \u00cdslands um alla losun, varp og mengun sem ver\u00f0ur utan mengunarl\u00f6gs\u00f6gu \u00cdslands og br\u00fdtur \u00ed b\u00e1ga vi\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i laga um varnir gegn mengun hafs og stranda.<\/p>\n

8.5.2 Skipal\u00f6g<\/h3>\n

Skipal\u00f6g nr. 66\/2021<\/a> fjalla m.a. um eftirlit \u00edslenskra stj\u00f3rnvalda me\u00f0 \u00f6ryggism\u00e1lum og b\u00fana\u00f0i \u00edslenskra skipa, m.a. mengunarvarnab\u00fana\u00f0i. Markmi\u00f0 laganna er a\u00f0 tryggja \u00f6ryggi \u00edslenskra skipa, \u00e1hafna \u00feeirra og far\u00feega og efla varnir gegn mengun fr\u00e1 skipum, en markmi\u00f0inu skal n\u00e1 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gera tilteknar kr\u00f6fur um ger\u00f0 og b\u00fana\u00f0 skipa, sko\u00f0un skipa og eftirlit me\u00f0 \u00feeim.<\/p>\n

Eins og fjalla\u00f0 var um \u00ed kafla 8.2<\/a> gera al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamningar r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 reglur um ger\u00f0 og b\u00fana\u00f0 skipa, \u00fe.\u00e1 m. mengunarvarnab\u00fana\u00f0, s\u00e9u a\u00f0 verulegu leyti samr\u00e6mdar milli r\u00edkja til a\u00f0 hindra ekki frj\u00e1lsa f\u00f6r skipa um heimsins h\u00f6f. Eftirlit me\u00f0 skipum h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi byggist \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 miklu leyti \u00e1 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum reglum.<\/p>\n

Eftirlit me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skip uppfylli kr\u00f6fur laganna er \u00ed h\u00f6ndum Samg\u00f6ngustofu, sem annast reglubundna sko\u00f0un skipa samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum um eftirlit me\u00f0 skipum og reglum settum samkv\u00e6mt \u00feeim. Samg\u00f6ngustofa getur \u00fe\u00f3 fali\u00f0 sl\u00edka sko\u00f0un vi\u00f0urkenndum sko\u00f0unara\u00f0ilum. Sko\u00f0un skipa felst m.a. \u00ed athugun \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 mengunarvarnab\u00fana\u00f0ur um bor\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 l\u00f6g og reglur. Til a\u00f0 framkv\u00e6ma sko\u00f0un geta starfsmenn Samg\u00f6ngustofu e\u00f0a vi\u00f0urkenndir sko\u00f0unara\u00f0ilar fari\u00f0 um bor\u00f0 \u00ed hvert skip sem statt er \u00ed \u00edslenskri h\u00f6fn e\u00f0a innan \u00edslenskrar landhelgi. \u00deetta gildir einnig um \u00edslensk skip \u00ed erlendri h\u00f6fn. Samg\u00f6ngustofa getur jafnframt fyrirskipa\u00f0 nau\u00f0synlegar \u00farb\u00e6tur ef \u00fe\u00f6rf er \u00e1. Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nari umfj\u00f6llun um sko\u00f0un skipa \u00ed kafla 8.7<\/a>.<\/p>\n

8.5.3 L\u00f6g um vaktst\u00f6\u00f0 siglinga<\/h3>\n

Mikilv\u00e6gar reglur sem var\u00f0a mengun fr\u00e1 skipum koma fram \u00ed l\u00f6gum nr. 41\/2003 um vaktst\u00f6\u00f0 siglinga<\/a>, en \u00feau gilda um eftirlit me\u00f0 umfer\u00f0 skipa, m.a. \u00feeirra sem flytja h\u00e6ttulegan og mengandi varning. Lei\u00f0arstj\u00f3rnun og eftirlit me\u00f0 umfer\u00f0 skipa eru mikilv\u00e6gur li\u00f0ur \u00ed a\u00f0 tryggja \u00f6ryggi siglinga, en sl\u00edkar reglur koma e\u00f0li m\u00e1lsins samkv\u00e6mt a\u00f0 gagni vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fyrirbyggja mengunar\u00f3h\u00f6pp.<\/p>\n

Markmi\u00f0 laga um vaktst\u00f6\u00f0 siglinga er a\u00f0 tryggja \u00f6ruggar siglingar \u00ed \u00edslenskri efnahagsl\u00f6gs\u00f6gu og \u00f6ryggi skipa, far\u00feega og \u00e1hafna, auk \u00feess a\u00f0 efla varnir gegn mengun sj\u00e1var fr\u00e1 skipum. Samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gunum ber \u00f6llum skipum sem sigla um \u00edslenska efnahagsl\u00f6gs\u00f6gu a\u00f0 tilkynna um fer\u00f0ir s\u00ednar til vaktst\u00f6\u00f0var siglinga. Uppl\u00fdsingar vaktst\u00f6\u00f0varinnar gegna mikilv\u00e6gu hlutverki vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 tryggja skj\u00f3t vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 vi\u00f0 leit og bj\u00f6rgun ef skip lendir \u00ed sj\u00e1varh\u00e1ska. \u00de\u00e6r geta einnig n\u00fdst vi\u00f0 almennt skipaeftirlit og eftirlit me\u00f0 mengun sj\u00e1var. H\u00e9r skiptir t.d. m\u00e1li a\u00f0 skipum sem sigla inn \u00ed \u00edslenska efnahagsl\u00f6gs\u00f6gu me\u00f0 h\u00e6ttulegan e\u00f0a mengandi varning er skylt a\u00f0 gefa \u00edtarlegar uppl\u00fdsingar um fer\u00f0ir s\u00ednar, auk \u00feess sem \u00f6llum skipum ber a\u00f0 tilkynna tafarlaust um s\u00e9rhvert \u00f3happ e\u00f0a slys sem kann a\u00f0 valda mengun sj\u00e1var e\u00f0a stranda.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Mynd 8.9. Hv\u00edtfyssandi brim vi\u00f0 \u00cdslandsstrendur.<\/p><\/div>\n

Auk ofangreinds fjalla l\u00f6g um vaktst\u00f6\u00f0 siglinga um hafns\u00f6guskyldu. \u00d6llum skipum sem flytja h\u00e6ttulegan e\u00f0a mengandi varning \u00ed tilteknu magni er skylt a\u00f0 hafa um bor\u00f0 hafns\u00f6gumann<\/span> vi\u00f0 siglingu um hafnarsv\u00e6\u00f0i. Hafnarstj\u00f3rn er \u00fe\u00f3 heimilt a\u00f0 veita sta\u00f0kunnugum skipstj\u00f3rum undan\u00fe\u00e1gu fr\u00e1 hafns\u00f6guskyldu. R\u00e1\u00f0herra er einnig heimilt a\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0a a\u00f0 skip skuli hafa um bor\u00f0 lei\u00f0s\u00f6gumann vi\u00f0 siglingar um tiltekin sv\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a vi\u00f0 tilteknar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur ef \u00fe\u00f6rf er \u00e1 til a\u00f0 tryggja \u00f6ryggi siglinga og varnir gegn mengun sj\u00e1var, auk \u00feess sem heimilt er a\u00f0 fela vaktst\u00f6\u00f0 siglinga a\u00f0 fara me\u00f0 lei\u00f0arstj\u00f3rnun skipa um tiltekin sv\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a vi\u00f0 tilteknar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur. Lei\u00f0s\u00f6guma\u00f0ur er \u00e1byrgur fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tilkynning um mengun stranda og sj\u00e1var af v\u00f6ldum h\u00e6ttulegra efna og mengunarslys berist r\u00e9ttum a\u00f0ilum og ber a\u00f0 reyna me\u00f0 \u00f6llum tilt\u00e6kum r\u00e1\u00f0um a\u00f0 halda \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu mengunar \u00ed l\u00e1gmarki.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00e9r \u00e1 landi er reglur um mengun fr\u00e1 skipum fyrst og fremst a\u00f0 finna \u00ed l\u00f6gum nr. 33\/2004 um varnir gegn mengun hafs og stranda, Skipal\u00f6gum nr. 66\/2021 og l\u00f6gum nr. 41\/2003 um vaktst\u00f6\u00f0 siglinga, \u00e1samt fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum regluger\u00f0um sem hafa Lesa meira…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1002,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-8-althjodasamningarummengunfraskipum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2606","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2606"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2606\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4050,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2606\/revisions\/4050"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2606"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2606"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2606"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}