{"id":271,"date":"2017-09-18T18:00:39","date_gmt":"2017-09-18T18:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/80.85.86.254\/sjor\/?p=271"},"modified":"2024-10-15T16:14:55","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T16:14:55","slug":"2-4-oliuvinnsla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2017\/09\/18\/2-4-oliuvinnsla\/","title":{"rendered":"2.4 Ol\u00eduvinnsla"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mest af ol\u00edu heimsins er svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundin ol\u00eda (e. conventional oil) e\u00f0a hr\u00e1ol\u00eda sem finnst ne\u00f0anjar\u00f0ar og \u00e1 landgrunni. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 nota hef\u00f0bundnar ol\u00eduvinnslua\u00f0fer\u00f0ir, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir sem nota\u00f0ar hafa veri\u00f0 lengi og mikil reynsla er komin \u00e1, til a\u00f0 vinna hef\u00f0bundna ol\u00edu. Vegna gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegrar ol\u00edunotkunar \u2013 og til a\u00f0 Vesturl\u00f6nd geti veri\u00f0 \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0ari Mi\u00f0-Austurl\u00f6ndum var\u00f0andi orku\u00f6ryggi \u2013 er \u201e\u00f3hef\u00f0bundin\u201c ol\u00eda n\u00fa einnig unnin, en \u00fea\u00f0 er t.d. ol\u00eda \u00far tj\u00f6rus\u00f6ndum \u00ed Kanada, ol\u00eda \u00far leirsteinsl\u00f6gum (unnin me\u00f0 bergbroti (e. fracking)), s\u00e9rlega \u00feung ol\u00eda \u00ed Venes\u00faela, ol\u00eda sem er a\u00f0 finna \u00e1 miklu d\u00fdpi ne\u00f0ansj\u00e1var og ol\u00eda \u00e1 nor\u00f0ursl\u00f3\u00f0um. Vinnslukostna\u00f0ur ol\u00edulinda er \u00e6\u00f0i misjafn. E\u00f0li m\u00e1lsins samkv\u00e6mt hafa menn alla jafna fyrst fundi\u00f0 og teki\u00f0 til vinnslu \u00fe\u00e6r ol\u00edulindir sem eru n\u00e6rt\u00e6kastar, a\u00f0gengilegastar og um lei\u00f0 yfirleitt \u00f3d\u00fdrastar \u00ed vinnslu. Mynd 2.4. s\u00fdnir framlei\u00f0slukostna\u00f0 og magn helstu ol\u00edulinda \u00ed heiminum. \u00d3d\u00fdrast er a\u00f0 vinna ol\u00edu \u00ed Mi\u00f0-Austurl\u00f6ndum. Mun d\u00fdrara er a\u00f0 vinna ol\u00edu \u00e1 miklu d\u00fdpi \u00fati \u00e1 sj\u00f3, sem og \u00far tj\u00f6rusandi og \u00far leirsteinsl\u00f6gum. D\u00fdrast er a\u00f0 vinna ol\u00edu \u00e1 Nor\u00f0urheimsskautssv\u00e6\u00f0inu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Mynd 2.4. Framlei\u00f0slukostna\u00f0ur ($\/ol\u00edutunnu) og magn helstu ol\u00edulinda \u00ed heiminum. Strikin t\u00e1kna me\u00f0alver\u00f0 og h\u00e6\u00f0 kassanna ver\u00f0bil. Breidd kassanna s\u00fdnir \u00fea\u00f0 magn ol\u00edu sem unni\u00f0 er me\u00f0 vi\u00f0komandi h\u00e6tti.<\/p><\/div>\n

Vinnslukostna\u00f0ur \u00f3hef\u00f0bundinnar ol\u00edu er ekki bara h\u00e6rri en hef\u00f0bundinnar ol\u00edu \u2013 umhverfis\u00e1hrifin eru l\u00edka meiri og \u00e1h\u00e6ttan vi\u00f0 vinnsluna einnig. Skemmst er a\u00f0 minnast ol\u00eduslyssins \u00ed Mex\u00edk\u00f3fl\u00f3a \u00e1ri\u00f0 2010, \u00feegar borhola ol\u00eduf\u00e9lagsins BP var\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnlaus \u00ed n\u00e6stum 3 m\u00e1nu\u00f0i eftir sprengingu \u00e1 ol\u00eduborpalli sem bora\u00f0i eftir ol\u00edu \u00e1 miklu d\u00fdpi (sj\u00e1 kafla 2.9<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Dj\u00fapvatn (e. produced water) kemur upp me\u00f0 ol\u00edu \u00feegar bora\u00f0 er eftir henni. Dj\u00fapvatni\u00f0 er a\u00f0skili\u00f0 fr\u00e1 ol\u00edunni eftir a\u00f0 henni er d\u00e6lt upp. Dj\u00fapvatni\u00f0 inniheldur nokkurt magn ol\u00eduefna og \u00feungm\u00e1lma \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 kvikasilfur, bl\u00fd, kadm\u00edum og arsen (kafli 5.3.<\/a> fjallar um mengun af v\u00f6ldum \u00feungm\u00e1lma). \u00dear a\u00f0 auki getur dj\u00fapvatni\u00f0 innihaldi\u00f0 l\u00e1ggeislavirk efni \u00far berggrunni, einkum rad\u00edum. Dj\u00fapvatni\u00f0 er me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla\u00f0 til a\u00f0 l\u00e1gmarka umhverfis\u00e1hrif en er svo losa\u00f0 \u00ed sj\u00f3 \u00feegar vinnsla fer fram \u00fear.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mest af ol\u00edu heimsins er svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundin ol\u00eda (e. conventional oil) e\u00f0a hr\u00e1ol\u00eda sem finnst ne\u00f0anjar\u00f0ar og \u00e1 landgrunni. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 nota hef\u00f0bundnar ol\u00eduvinnslua\u00f0fer\u00f0ir, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir sem nota\u00f0ar hafa veri\u00f0 lengi og mikil reynsla er komin \u00e1, til a\u00f0 Lesa meira…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2-oliaogoliumengun"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=271"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3966,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271\/revisions\/3966"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}