{"id":275,"date":"2017-09-18T20:00:27","date_gmt":"2017-09-18T20:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/80.85.86.254\/sjor\/?p=275"},"modified":"2023-12-14T21:15:29","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T21:15:29","slug":"2-6-oliuhreinsun-i-oliuhreinsistod","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2017\/09\/18\/2-6-oliuhreinsun-i-oliuhreinsistod\/","title":{"rendered":"2.6 Ol\u00eduhreinsun \u00ed ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hr\u00e1ol\u00eda samanstendur af hundru\u00f0um mismunandi vetniskolefnissameinda, sem eru \u00f3l\u00edkar a\u00f0 st\u00e6r\u00f0 og l\u00f6gun og me\u00f0 mismunandi e\u00f0lis- og efnafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega eiginleika, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al mismunandi su\u00f0umark. \u00cd ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0 eru noth\u00e6far afur\u00f0ir unnar \u00far hr\u00e1ol\u00edu me\u00f0 eimingu. Hr\u00e1ol\u00edan er fyrst hitu\u00f0 \u00ed gufukatli upp \u00ed um 400\u00b0C. Vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 myndast hr\u00e1ol\u00edu-gufu-blanda sem er leidd inn \u00ed botn eimingarturns. \u00dear st\u00edgur blandan upp og k\u00f3lnar a\u00f0 hitastigi andr\u00famsloftsins vi\u00f0 topp turnsins. \u00deau ol\u00eduefni sem hafa l\u00e1gt su\u00f0umark (stuttar kolefniske\u00f0jur) st\u00edga upp sem gufur \u00ed turninum \u00e1 sama t\u00edma og \u00feau ol\u00eduefni sem hafa h\u00e1tt su\u00f0umark (langar kolefniske\u00f0jur) falla ni\u00f0ur sem v\u00f6kvar. \u00cd eimingarturninum eru bakkar, sem hleypa gufum upp um s\u00e9rst\u00f6k loftop me\u00f0 \u00feekju (virkar eins og illa skr\u00fafa\u00f0ur tappi \u00e1 fl\u00f6sku). \u00deetta gerir hitaskipti milli v\u00f6kva og gufu betri og a\u00f0greininguna skilvirkari. Bakkarnir eru sta\u00f0settir vi\u00f0 su\u00f0umark hinna mismunandi ol\u00eduvara sem unnar eru. Ol\u00eduefnin falla \u00fat sem v\u00f6kvi \u00e1 bakkana \u00e1 \u00feeim sta\u00f0 \u00ed turninum \u00fear sem hitastig er jafnt su\u00f0umarki vi\u00f0komandi ol\u00eduv\u00f6ru og eru svo leidd \u00far turninum me\u00f0 lei\u00f0slum \u00ed n\u00e6stu einingar ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0varinnar (mynd 2.6).<\/p>\n<p>Efst \u00ed turninum fellur \u00fat flj\u00f3tandi jar\u00f0ol\u00edugas (LPG). \u00deetta eru kolefniske\u00f0jur me\u00f0 3-4 kolefnisfrumeindum (3-4<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"C er t\u00e1kn fyrir kolefni \u00ed lotukerfinu.\">C<\/span>). Pr\u00f3pangas (3C) er nota\u00f0 \u00ed i\u00f0na\u00f0i og \u00feegar vi\u00f0 grillum \u00e1 gasgrillum. B\u00fatan (4C) er t.d. nota\u00f0 sem kveikjaragas. N\u00e6st kemur nafta, \u00fear sem kolefniske\u00f0jurnar hafa 5-12C. Nafta er a\u00f0allega nota\u00f0 til a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0a bens\u00edn en \u00far nafta eru l\u00edka framleidd ol\u00eduefni (e. petrochemicals) sem aftur eru n\u00fdtt til a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0a leysiefni, hreinsiefni, pl\u00e1guey\u00f0a, gervig\u00famm\u00ed, og alls kyns gerviefni \u2013 \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al plast. \u00dear n\u00e6st kemur steinol\u00eda, en kolefniske\u00f0jur steinol\u00edu hafa 12-16C. Steinol\u00eda er a\u00f0allega notu\u00f0 sem \u00feotueldsneyti en einnig \u00ed minna m\u00e6li til upphitunar og l\u00fdsingar. \u00c1 eftir steinol\u00edu koma eimingarefni me\u00f0 kolefniske\u00f0jur sem hafa 15-18C. Ver\u00f0m\u00e6tustu afur\u00f0irnar \u00ed \u00feessum flokki eru gas- og d\u00edsilol\u00eda sem nota\u00f0ar er \u00ed samg\u00f6ngum. Gasol\u00eda er einnig notu\u00f0 \u00ed i\u00f0na\u00f0i. Einnig eru smurol\u00edur unnar \u00far \u00feessum hluta ol\u00edunnar. Smurol\u00edur eru samsettar \u00far ol\u00edugrunni og \u00fdmsum vi\u00f0b\u00f3tarefnum. \u00deessum vi\u00f0b\u00f3tarefnum er b\u00e6tt \u00fat \u00ed til a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta eiginleika smurol\u00edunnar (efni til a\u00f0 hindra t\u00e6ringu, s\u00e1puefni, efni til a\u00f0 auka samlo\u00f0un, efni til a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta seigju). \u00dar enn \u00feyngri eimingarefnum (meira en 19C) er b\u00fain til svartol\u00eda, sem notu\u00f0 er \u00ed i\u00f0na\u00f0i og \u00e1 skip. A\u00f0 lokum ver\u00f0a eftir f\u00f6st ol\u00edu- e\u00f0a tj\u00f6ruefni (meira en 25C) \u00ed botni eimingarturnsins. \u00deetta eru t.d. paraff\u00edn, sem nota\u00f0 er \u00ed kerti og vaxliti, og bik, sem nota\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 framlei\u00f0slu \u00e1 malbiki.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_346\" style=\"width: 1450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/02.5-Oliuhreinsun.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-346\" class=\"wp-image-346 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/02.5-Oliuhreinsun.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"1010\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-346\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mynd 2.6. Ol\u00eduhreinsun \u00ed ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u00cd ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0 er vi\u00f0b\u00f3tarb\u00fana\u00f0ur \u00feannig a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 stilla framlei\u00f0sluferli\u00f0 af og framlei\u00f0a meira af tilteknum ol\u00eduv\u00f6rum. Annars vegar er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a sundrunarb\u00fana\u00f0 og hins vegar sameiningarb\u00fana\u00f0. Ol\u00eduafur\u00f0ir me\u00f0 styttri kolefniske\u00f0jum eru ver\u00f0m\u00e6tari afur\u00f0ir og \u00fev\u00ed er reynt a\u00f0 st\u00fdra ferlinu \u00feannig a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0a hlutfallslega meira af \u00feeim. \u00cd sundrunarb\u00fana\u00f0inum eru langar kolefniske\u00f0jur brotnar ni\u00f0ur \u00ed styttri ke\u00f0jur me\u00f0 hj\u00e1lp hvata en \u00ed sameiningarb\u00fana\u00f0inum eru mj\u00f6g stuttar ke\u00f0jur sameina\u00f0ar til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 ver\u00f0m\u00e6ta v\u00f6ru eins og t.d. bens\u00edn. \u00deegar eimingarferlinu er loki\u00f0 innihalda ol\u00eduv\u00f6rurnar oft \u00f3\u00e6skileg efni \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 brennistein. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 fjarl\u00e6gja brennisteininn \u00ed s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum hreinsib\u00fana\u00f0i me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 vetni og mynda brennisteinsvetni (H<sub>2<\/sub>S) sem svo er fjarl\u00e6gt.<\/p>\n<p>Vinnslan sem fram fer \u00ed ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0vum er <span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"I\u00f0na\u00f0ur sem framlei\u00f0ir st\u00f3rar, \u00feungar v\u00f6rur, e\u00f0a i\u00f0na\u00f0ur sem krefst umfangsmikils b\u00fana\u00f0ar og a\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0u. Sl\u00edkur i\u00f0na\u00f0ur hefur oft mikla mengun \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r.\">\u00feungai\u00f0na\u00f0ur<\/span>. H\u00e6tta er \u00e1 slysum \u00feegar hr\u00e1ol\u00eda er flutt til st\u00f6\u00f0varinnar og \u00feegar ol\u00eduv\u00f6rur eru fluttar fr\u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0inni. Einnig er sprengih\u00e6tta \u00ed st\u00f6\u00f0inni sj\u00e1lfri, enda veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 vinna me\u00f0 eldfim efni vi\u00f0 h\u00e1tt hitastig. Ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0var eru n\u00e6r alltaf sta\u00f0settar vi\u00f0 str\u00f6ndina. Slys geta valdi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00e6ttuleg efni berist til sj\u00e1var. Fr\u00e1 ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0vum losna l\u00edka \u00fdmis eiturefni \u00fat \u00ed andr\u00famslofti\u00f0 (loftmengunarefni) og eins myndast menga\u00f0 affallsvatn (afs\u00f6ltunarvatn, s\u00fart vatn, ol\u00edumenga\u00f0 vatn og botnhrat \u00far t\u00f6nkum). Eftir hreinsun er affallsvatninu veitt til sj\u00e1var.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hr\u00e1ol\u00eda samanstendur af hundru\u00f0um mismunandi vetniskolefnissameinda, sem eru \u00f3l\u00edkar a\u00f0 st\u00e6r\u00f0 og l\u00f6gun og me\u00f0 mismunandi e\u00f0lis- og efnafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega eiginleika, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al mismunandi su\u00f0umark. \u00cd ol\u00eduhreinsist\u00f6\u00f0 eru noth\u00e6far afur\u00f0ir unnar \u00far hr\u00e1ol\u00edu me\u00f0 eimingu. Hr\u00e1ol\u00edan er fyrst hitu\u00f0 \u00ed <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2017\/09\/18\/2-6-oliuhreinsun-i-oliuhreinsistod\/\">Lesa meira&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2-oliaogoliumengun"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3749,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275\/revisions\/3749"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}