{"id":277,"date":"2017-09-18T21:00:54","date_gmt":"2017-09-18T21:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/80.85.86.254\/sjor\/?p=277"},"modified":"2024-10-15T16:15:43","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T16:15:43","slug":"2-7-eiginleikar-oliu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2017\/09\/18\/2-7-eiginleikar-oliu\/","title":{"rendered":"2.7 Eiginleikar ol\u00edu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hr\u00e1ol\u00eda og eldsneytisol\u00edur eru mismunandi a\u00f0 samsetningu og innihalda fj\u00f6ldann allan af efnum, svo sem:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Beinar e\u00f0a grein\u00f3ttar kolefniske\u00f0jur (paraff\u00edn).<\/li>\n<li>\u00d3mettu\u00f0 vetniskolefnissamb\u00f6nd (\u00f3lef\u00edn); \u00f3lef\u00edn finnast ekki \u00ed hr\u00e1ol\u00edu en ver\u00f0a til \u00ed ol\u00eduhreinsunarferlinu.<\/li>\n<li>Mettu\u00f0 hringlaga vetniskolefni (naften).<\/li>\n<li>\u00d3mettu\u00f0 hringlaga vetniskolefnissamb\u00f6nd (ar\u00f3matar); oft eitru\u00f0.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00f0skotaefni s.s. brennistein og \u00feungm\u00e1lma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Magn tiltekinna efna \u00ed hr\u00e1ol\u00edu er h\u00e1\u00f0 uppruna ol\u00edunnar. Innihaldi hr\u00e1ol\u00eda mikinn brennistein er h\u00fan k\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u201es\u00far\u201c, en \u201es\u00e6t\u201c ef brennisteinsinnihaldi\u00f0 er l\u00edti\u00f0. Hr\u00e1ol\u00eda sem hefur h\u00e1tt hlutfall langra kolefniske\u00f0ja kallast \u201e\u00feung\u201c, en \u201el\u00e9tt\u201c ef hlutfalli\u00f0 er l\u00e1gt. E\u00f0lis- og efnafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegir eiginleikar hr\u00e1ol\u00edu eru mj\u00f6g misjafnir eftir uppruna ol\u00edunnar. Unnar ol\u00eduv\u00f6rur hafa hins vegar oftast vel skilgreinda eiginleika \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 uppruna. \u00deungar ol\u00edur, sem innihalda bl\u00f6ndu mismunandi hlutfalls af \u00feyngstu eimingarefnunum \u00far ol\u00eduhreinsiferlinu, hafa \u00fe\u00f3 breytilega eiginleika. Mun meiri loftmengun myndast \u00feegar \u00feungar s\u00farar ol\u00edur eru brenndar en \u00feegar hreinni og l\u00e9ttari ol\u00edur eru brenndar.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1241\" style=\"width: 1248px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/three-oils.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1241\" class=\"wp-image-1241 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/three-oils.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1238\" height=\"547\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/three-oils.jpg 1238w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/three-oils-300x133.jpg 300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/three-oils-768x339.jpg 768w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/three-oils-1024x452.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1238px) 100vw, 1238px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1241\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mynd 2.7. Hr\u00e1ol\u00eda, svartol\u00eda og gasol\u00eda.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Ol\u00eda er \u00f3skauta\u00f0 efni og leysist \u00fev\u00ed illa \u00ed vatni. Mikilv\u00e6gir e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegir eiginleikar ol\u00edu eru e\u00f0lis\u00feyngd, eimingareiginleikar, gufu\u00fer\u00fdstingur, seigja og rennslismark.<\/p>\n<h6><em><strong><span class=\"arrow-pg\"><\/span>E\u00f0lis\u00feyngd<\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n<p>Ol\u00eda er alla jafna e\u00f0lisl\u00e9ttari en vatn og fl\u00fdtur \u00fev\u00ed ofan \u00e1 vatni. Vatn hefur e\u00f0lis\u00feyngdina 1 kg\/l en sj\u00f3r me\u00f0 35\u2030 seltu e\u00f0lis\u00feyngdina 1,027 kg\/l. Hr\u00e1ol\u00eda hefur e\u00f0lis\u00feyngd \u00e1 bilinu 0,75-1,05 kg\/l. \u00deyngsta hr\u00e1ol\u00eda getur \u00fev\u00ed veri\u00f0 e\u00f0lis\u00feyngri en sj\u00f3r. Sama gildir um svartol\u00edu, en h\u00fan hefur e\u00f0lis\u00feyngd \u00e1 bilinu 0,925-1,03 kg\/l. Bens\u00edn hefur e\u00f0lis\u00feyngd um 0,750 kg\/l og gasol\u00eda um 0,865 kg\/l. Auk \u00feess a\u00f0 segja til um hvort ol\u00eda flj\u00f3ti \u00e1 sj\u00f3 e\u00f0a ekki, gefur e\u00f0lis\u00feyngdin v\u00edsbendingar um fleiri eiginleikar ol\u00edu. L\u00edtil e\u00f0lis\u00feyngd bendir til h\u00e1s hlutfalls rokgjarnra efna og til l\u00e1grar seigju.<\/p>\n<h6><em><strong><span class=\"arrow-pg\"><\/span><\/strong><\/em><em><strong>Eimingareiginleikar<\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n<p>Eimingareiginleikar ol\u00edu eru m\u00e6likvar\u00f0i \u00e1 rokgirni, \u00fe.e. hversu au\u00f0veldlega ol\u00edan gufar upp. Eimingareiginleikar eru gefnir upp sem \u00fea\u00f0 hlutfall hr\u00e1ol\u00edutegundar sem gufar upp \u00e1 \u00e1kve\u00f0nu hitastigsbili (sj\u00e1 mynd 2.8). Ol\u00edur sem innihalda meira magn af \u00feyngstu eimingarefnunum, og \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00e9rstaklega tj\u00f6ru og paraff\u00edn, sem eimast ekki au\u00f0veldlega \u2013 jafnvel ekki vi\u00f0 h\u00e1tt hitastig \u2013 eru l\u00edklegar til a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a\u00a0<span class=\"tooltips \" style=\"\" title=\"\u00deaulsetnar \u00ed umhverfinu, \u00fe.e.a.s. ey\u00f0ast eing\u00f6ngu \u00e1 mj\u00f6g l\u00f6ngum t\u00edma e\u00f0a aldrei.\">\u00fer\u00e1virkar<\/span> \u00ed umhverfinu.<\/p>\n<h6><em><strong><span class=\"arrow-pg\"><\/span><\/strong><\/em><em><strong>Gufu\u00fer\u00fdstingur<\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n<p>Gufu\u00fer\u00fdstingur gefur frekari v\u00edsbendingar um rokgirni ol\u00edu. Ol\u00edur me\u00f0 h\u00e1an gufu\u00fer\u00fdsting hafa h\u00e1tt hlutfall efnasambanda sem gufa upp vi\u00f0 l\u00e1gan hita.<\/p>\n<h6><em><strong><span class=\"arrow-pg\"><\/span><\/strong><\/em><em><strong>Seigja<\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n<p>Seigja ol\u00edu er m\u00e6likvar\u00f0i \u00e1 vi\u00f0n\u00e1m ol\u00edunnar til a\u00f0 fl\u00e6\u00f0a e\u00f0a renna (sj\u00e1 mynd 2.8). Ol\u00edur me\u00f0 litla seigju (t.d. gasol\u00eda) renna betur en ol\u00edur me\u00f0 mikla seigju (t.d. svartol\u00eda). Seigja ol\u00edu eykst me\u00f0 l\u00e6kkandi hitastigi.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_1251\" style=\"width: 1310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/Mynd2.8ab-EiginleikarHraoliu.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1251\" class=\"wp-image-1251 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/Mynd2.8ab-EiginleikarHraoliu.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/Mynd2.8ab-EiginleikarHraoliu.png 1300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/Mynd2.8ab-EiginleikarHraoliu-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/Mynd2.8ab-EiginleikarHraoliu-768x245.png 768w, https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/wp-content\/uploads\/Mynd2.8ab-EiginleikarHraoliu-1024x326.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1251\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mynd 2.8. Eimingareiginleikar (vinstra megin) og seigja (h\u00e6gra megin) fj\u00f6gurra mismunandi hr\u00e1ol\u00eduflokka. Flokkur 1 er d\u00e6mi um l\u00e9tta hr\u00e1ol\u00edu en flokkur 4 um \u00feunga hr\u00e1ol\u00edu.<\/p><\/div>\n<h6><em><strong><span class=\"arrow-pg\"><\/span><\/strong><\/em><em><strong>Rennslismark<\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n<p>Allar ol\u00edur h\u00e6tta a\u00f0 renna \u00feegar seigja \u00feeirra er or\u00f0in mikil. \u00deetta gerist vi\u00f0 mismunandi hitastig fyrir mismunandi ol\u00edur og er hitastigi\u00f0 \u00fear sem rennsli st\u00f6\u00f0vast skilgreint sem rennslismark ol\u00edutegundar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hr\u00e1ol\u00eda og eldsneytisol\u00edur eru mismunandi a\u00f0 samsetningu og innihalda fj\u00f6ldann allan af efnum, svo sem: Beinar e\u00f0a grein\u00f3ttar kolefniske\u00f0jur (paraff\u00edn). \u00d3mettu\u00f0 vetniskolefnissamb\u00f6nd (\u00f3lef\u00edn); \u00f3lef\u00edn finnast ekki \u00ed hr\u00e1ol\u00edu en ver\u00f0a til \u00ed ol\u00eduhreinsunarferlinu. Mettu\u00f0 hringlaga vetniskolefni (naften). \u00d3mettu\u00f0 hringlaga vetniskolefnissamb\u00f6nd <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2017\/09\/18\/2-7-eiginleikar-oliu\/\">Lesa meira&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2-oliaogoliumengun"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/277","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=277"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3967,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/277\/revisions\/3967"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}