{"id":709,"date":"2017-09-23T23:19:30","date_gmt":"2017-09-23T23:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/80.85.86.254\/sjor\/?p=709"},"modified":"2024-10-15T16:04:57","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T16:04:57","slug":"4-7-adgerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/2017\/09\/23\/4-7-adgerdir\/","title":{"rendered":"4.7 A\u00f0ger\u00f0ir til \u00farb\u00f3ta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eins og komi\u00f0 hefur fram lendir gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegt magn af plasti \u00ed heimsh\u00f6funum \u00e1rlega. Plasti\u00f0 getur veri\u00f0 \u00ed sj\u00f3num \u00ed margar aldir og brotnar kannski aldrei alveg ni\u00f0ur, heldur bara ni\u00f0ur \u00ed sm\u00e6rri agnir. Magn plasts \u00ed sj\u00f3num eykst \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0 hverju \u00e1rinu. Ef ekki ver\u00f0ur gripi\u00f0 til markvissra a\u00f0ger\u00f0a ver\u00f0ur or\u00f0i\u00f0 meira af plasti \u00ed sj\u00f3num en fiski \u00e1ri\u00f0 2050 (mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feyngd). \u00c1ri\u00f0 2025 er b\u00faist vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 hlutfalli\u00f0 ver\u00f0i or\u00f0i\u00f0 33%, \u00fe.e. 1 kg af plasti \u00e1 m\u00f3ti 3 kg af fiski. Kostna\u00f0urinn sem hl\u00fdst af plastinu \u00ed sj\u00f3num vegna samdr\u00e1ttar \u00ed framlei\u00f0ni hafsv\u00e6\u00f0a og \u00e1hrifa \u00e1 l\u00edfr\u00edki, sj\u00e1var\u00fatveg og fer\u00f0amennsku er gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega h\u00e1r. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed algj\u00f6rlega br\u00e1\u00f0nau\u00f0synlegt a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0va frekari losun plasts \u00ed sj\u00f3inn.<\/p>\n

Jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt gripi\u00f0 ver\u00f0i til \u00e1rangursr\u00edkra a\u00f0ger\u00f0a til a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00fev\u00ed magni plasts sem lendir \u00ed sj\u00f3num mun magni\u00f0 \u00ed sj\u00f3num ekki minnka a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0i fyrr en eftir \u00f3ralangan t\u00edma. Kostna\u00f0urinn vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00e1 plasti \u00far sj\u00f3num \u00feegar \u00fea\u00f0 er einu sinni komi\u00f0 \u00feanga\u00f0 er oft \u00f3vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anlegur, auk \u00feess sem vi\u00f0fangsefni\u00f0 er t\u00e6knilega erfitt m.a. vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 miki\u00f0 af l\u00edfmassa g\u00e6ti glatast \u00ed framkv\u00e6mdinni.<\/p>\n

Helstu a\u00f0ger\u00f0um til a\u00f0 sporna vi\u00f0 plasti \u00ed hafinu m\u00e1 skipta \u00ed fyrirbyggjandi a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir og lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttandi a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir. Sem d\u00e6mi um fyrirbyggjandi a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir m\u00e1 nefna lagasetningu, aukna menntun og uppl\u00fdsingar til almennings, b\u00e6tta me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun \u00fargangs, bann vi\u00f0 notkun plastpoka og einnota bor\u00f0b\u00fana\u00f0ar og breytt v\u00f6ruh\u00f6nnun. Lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttandi a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir felast \u00ed hreinsun strandlengjunnar og \u00e1kve\u00f0inna sv\u00e6\u00f0a \u00ed sj\u00f3num.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/em>D\u00e6mi um fyrirbyggjandi a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir<\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n

Samkv\u00e6mt al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum reglum er stranglega banna\u00f0 a\u00f0 henda plasti fyrir bor\u00f0 \u00e1 skipum. H\u00e9r \u00e1 \u00cdslandi skal setja \u00farvinnslugjald<\/span> \u00e1 vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ri sem innihalda plast, skv. l\u00f6gum 162\/2002<\/a> um \u00farvinnslugjald. Samt\u00f6k fyrirt\u00e6kja \u00ed sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegi (SFS) annast \u00farvinnslu \u00fargangs vegna vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ra, \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 samning SFS vi\u00f0 \u00darvinnslusj\u00f3\u00f0. Vegna \u00feessarar r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6funar fer hlutfall \u00f3n\u00fdtra vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ra sem fer \u00ed endurvinnslu vaxandi. \u00cdslenskir l\u00f6ga\u00f0ilar geta skila\u00f0 vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ra\u00fargangi til m\u00f3tt\u00f6kust\u00f6\u00f0va um land allt. Vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ra\u00fargangur fr\u00e1 \u00cdslandi er a\u00f0allega fluttur til endurvinnslu \u00ed Lith\u00e1en, Danm\u00f6rku og Hollandi.<\/p>\n

\u00c1ri\u00f0 2020 var sett regluger\u00f0 nr. 474\/2020<\/a> um merkingu vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ra og t\u00f6pu\u00f0 vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ri. Samkv\u00e6mt regluger\u00f0inni \u00fearf a\u00f0 merkja \u00f6ll vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ri. Tapist vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ri skal \u00feegar hefja leit a\u00f0 \u00feeim og leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sl\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feau upp. Takist ekki a\u00f0 sl\u00e6\u00f0a upp vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ri skal tilkynna \u00fea\u00f0 Landhelgisg\u00e6slu \u00cdslands og Fiskistofu. \u00deessar reglur \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00fev\u00ed magni vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ra sem marar um \u00ed sj\u00f3num og endar \u00e1 hafsbotni.<\/p>\n

\u00ddmsar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir, borgir og jafnvel b\u00e6ir hafa banna\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0nar plastv\u00f6rur. Til d\u00e6mis hafa Frakkar banna\u00f0 einnota plastbor\u00f0b\u00fana\u00f0, Bangladesh hefur banna\u00f0 \u00feunna bur\u00f0arpoka \u00far plasti og \u00ed Ken\u00fda m\u00e1 f\u00f3lk b\u00faast vi\u00f0 himinh\u00e1um sektum e\u00f0a fangelsisvist ef \u00fea\u00f0 framlei\u00f0ir, selur e\u00f0a notar bur\u00f0arpoka \u00far plasti. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2019 var, me\u00f0 breytingu \u00e1 l\u00f6gum nr. 7\/1998 um hollustuh\u00e6tti og mengunarvarnir, lagt \u00e1 bann vi\u00f0 afhendingu bur\u00f0arpoka \u00far plasti \u00e1n endurgjalds fr\u00e1 1. september 2019 og algj\u00f6rt bann vi\u00f0 afhendingu plastpoka fr\u00e1 1. jan\u00faar 2021. \u00cd j\u00fal\u00ed 2020 var s\u00f6mu l\u00f6gum breytt \u00feannig a\u00f0 lagt var \u00e1 bann vi\u00f0 s\u00f6lu \u00e1 \u00fdmsum einnota plastv\u00f6rum, s.s. eyrnapinnum og einnota bor\u00f0b\u00fana\u00f0i. Svona a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir ver\u00f0a \u00e6 algengari. \u00de\u00e1 hefur s\u00f6fnun plasts og endurvinnsla aukist, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Mynd 4.15. Vinstra megin m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 hlaupask\u00f3 \u00far endurunnu sj\u00e1varplasti. H\u00e6gra megin m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 b\u00f6rn spila blak – blakneti\u00f0 er unni\u00f0 \u00far vei\u00f0arf\u00e6rum sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u veri\u00f0 skilin eftir og m\u00f6ru\u00f0u um \u00ed sj\u00f3num.<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/em>D\u00e6mi um lei\u00f0r\u00e9ttandi a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir<\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n

\u00cd Evr\u00f3pu var r\u00e1\u00f0ist \u00ed verkefni\u00f0 Rusli\u00f0 veitt <\/em>(e. Fishing for litter) \u00ed Nor\u00f0ursj\u00f3 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2002. Verkefni\u00f0 hefur sta\u00f0i\u00f0 yfir s\u00ed\u00f0an og skila\u00f0 \u00e1g\u00e6tum \u00e1rangri. Verkefni\u00f0 sn\u00fdst um a\u00f0 sj\u00f3menn safni rusli s\u00e9rstaklega \u00feegar \u00feeir eru \u00e1 vei\u00f0um og komi me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed land. Verkefni\u00f0 dregur b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00far magni \u00fargangs \u00ed sj\u00f3num og eykur vitund sj\u00f3manna um mikilv\u00e6gi \u00feess a\u00f0 koma me\u00f0 allt rusl \u00ed land.<\/p>\n

\u00c1 \u00cdslandi er starfandi her, n\u00e1nar tilteki\u00f0 Bl\u00e1i herinn. <\/em>Bl\u00e1i herinn eru sj\u00e1lfbo\u00f0ali\u00f0asamt\u00f6k sem halda \u00fati \u201est\u00f6\u00f0ugum \u00e1r\u00f3\u00f0ri fyrir betri umhverfisvakningu\u201c og vilja \u201esj\u00e1 landsmenn fylkja li\u00f0i til verndar \u00edslenskri n\u00e1tt\u00faru\u201c. Bl\u00e1i herinn<\/a> hefur sta\u00f0i\u00f0 fyrir fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum hreinsunarverkefnum \u00e1 str\u00f6ndum \u00cdslands og safna\u00f0 saman meira en 1500 tonnum af plast\u00fargangi.<\/p>\n

Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ablaksambandi\u00f0 hefur \u00ed samstarfi vi\u00f0 hollensk samt\u00f6k, sem nefnast Ghost Fishing Foundation,<\/em> l\u00e1ti\u00f0 \u00fatb\u00faa blaknet sem komi\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 fyrir \u00e1 nokkrum st\u00f6\u00f0um og eru netin \u00e6tlu\u00f0 fyrir almenning til a\u00f0 spreyta sig \u00e1 blak\u00ed\u00fer\u00f3ttinni.<\/p>\n

\u00ddmis fyrirt\u00e6ki hafa l\u00edka gripi\u00f0 til a\u00f0ger\u00f0a til a\u00f0 takast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 vandann. Til a\u00f0 mynda hefur Adidas hanna\u00f0 hlaupask\u00f3 \u00far sj\u00f3reknu plasti.<\/p>\n

Eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur kom fram m\u00e1 rekja st\u00e6rstan hluta plasts \u00ed sj\u00f3num til vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ra- og umb\u00fa\u00f0a\u00fargangs. B\u00faast m\u00e1 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fleiri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir taki upp svipa\u00f0 kerfi og er vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0i h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi var\u00f0andi vei\u00f0arf\u00e6ra\u00fargang. \u00c1standi\u00f0 var\u00f0andi umb\u00fa\u00f0a\u00fargang \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu er ekki gott.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Mynd 4.16. Fl\u00e6\u00f0irit yfir plastumb\u00fa\u00f0ir (t\u00f6lur fyrir \u00e1ri\u00f0 2013)<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00c1ri\u00f0 2013 voru framleidd t\u00e6plega 80 millj\u00f3n tonn af plastumb\u00fa\u00f0um \u00ed heiminum. Tali\u00f0 er a\u00f0 32% hafi sloppi\u00f0 \u00fat \u00ed umhverfi\u00f0, 40% hafi fari\u00f0 \u00e1 ur\u00f0unarsta\u00f0i og 14% \u00ed sorpbrennslu (me\u00f0 e\u00f0a \u00e1n orkun\u00fdtingar). Einungis 14% af umb\u00fa\u00f0ar\u00farganginum var safna\u00f0 til endurvinnslu. \u00dear t\u00f6pu\u00f0ust 4% \u00ed ferlinu, 8% f\u00f3ru \u00ed endurvinnslu \u00fear sem framleiddar voru v\u00f6rur me\u00f0 minna vir\u00f0i (e. downcycling) og einungis 2% f\u00f3ru \u00ed a\u00f0 endurvinna umb\u00fa\u00f0ir. Eftir a\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0ar einu sinni \u00ed stuttan t\u00edma tapast 95% af efnisvir\u00f0i plastumb\u00fa\u00f0a \u00ed hagkerfinu. \u00deessu ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 breyta.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Eins og komi\u00f0 hefur fram lendir gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegt magn af plasti \u00ed heimsh\u00f6funum \u00e1rlega. Plasti\u00f0 getur veri\u00f0 \u00ed sj\u00f3num \u00ed margar aldir og brotnar kannski aldrei alveg ni\u00f0ur, heldur bara ni\u00f0ur \u00ed sm\u00e6rri agnir. Magn plasts \u00ed sj\u00f3num eykst \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0 Lesa meira…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1008,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-4-urgangur-plast"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=709"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3962,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/709\/revisions\/3962"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/himinnoghaf.is\/mengunsjavar\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}