Heimildir og ítarefni fyrir kafla 4

1. Einar Karl Friðriksson. „Hvernig verður plast til?“ Vísindavefurinn, 5. október 2000. Sótt 14. ágúst 2017. http://visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=970.

2. Emily Corcoran, 2014. The OSPAR Marine Litter RAP [Regional Action Plans] – Coordinating Action to address marine litter in the North-East Atlantic. Erindi flutt á alþjóðlegri ráðstefnu Umhverfisstofnunar í samvinnu við Norrænu ráðherranefndina um plastúrgang í hafinu, 24. september 2014. https://www.ust.is/library/Skrar/Einstaklingar/Vatnsgaedi/Plastradstefna/2_Emily_Corcoran.pdf

3. European Commission DG ENV, 2011. Plastic Waste in the Environment. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/pdf/plastics.pdf

4. Marcus Eriksen, 2014. Saving our synthetic seas. Erindi um örplast, flutt á alþjóðlegri ráðstefnu Umhverfisstofnunar í samvinnu við Norrænu ráðherranefndina um plastúrgang í hafinu, 24. september 2014. https://www.ust.is/library/Skrar/Einstaklingar/Vatnsgaedi/Plastradstefna/3_Marcus_Eriksen.pdf

5. Ospar Commission. Quality Status Report 2010. https://qsr2010.ospar.org/en/index.html 

6. Petrún Sigurðardóttir og Steinunn H. Ólafsdóttir, 2022. Rusl á hafsbotni við Ísland: Samantekt á skráningu rusls við kortlagningu búsvæða á hafsbotni 2004‐2019. https://www.hafogvatn.is/static/research/files/1663063340-hv2022-34.pdf

7. Stefán Gíslason og Birgitta Stefánsdóttir.„Er það satt að plasteyjur, miklu stærri en Ísland, fljóti um heimshöfin?“ Vísindavefurinn, 15. apríl 2015. Sótt 14. ágúst 2017. http://visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54188.

8. Umhverfisstofnun, 2014. Conference Paper on Plastics in the Marine Environment. https://www.ust.is/library/Skrar/Einstaklingar/Vatnsgaedi/Plastradstefna/Coference%20Paper%20Plastic%20in%20the%20Marine%20Environmnet.pdf

9. World Economic Forum, Ellen MacArthur Foundation and McKinsey & Company, 2016. The New Plastics Economy — Rethinking the future of plastics. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_New_Plastics_Economy.pdf

Vefsíður

1. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/pdf/plastic_waste_factsheet.pdf

2. https://landvernd.is/nidurstodur-norraennar-strandhreinsunar-2017/

3. http://www.fishingforlitter.org.uk/

4. https://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/infographics/petrochemicals-naphtha-plastic

5. http://www.plasticseurope.org/what-is-plastic/how-plastic-is-made.aspx

6. https://plasticseurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Plastics-the-Facts-2021-web-final.pdf

7. http://www.pvc.org/en/p/how-is-pvc-made

8. http://www.ruv.is/frett/orplast-fannst-i-kraeklingi

9. https://www.sustainabilityreport.com/2019/03/18/fivb-transforming-discarded-fishing-gear-into-community-volleyball-nets/

Myndir

Mynd 4.1. Edda Karólína Ævarsdóttir

Mynd 4.2. Edda Karólína Ævarsdóttir (sbr. mynd 1.4)

Mynd. 4.3. Birna Sigrún Hallsdóttir, byggt á https://www.statista.com/statistics/282732/global-production-of-plastics-since-1950/, sótt 3.11.2020, og https://plasticseurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Plastics-the-Facts-2021-web-final.pdf

Mynd 4.4. Auglýsing í tímaritinu Life (https://time.com/3879873/throwaway-living-when-tossing-it-all-was-all-the-rage/) og gömul auglýsing frá efnavörufyrirtækinu DuPont (tekið úr Daily Mail, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2160497/Giant-flies-fresh-cigarettes-babies-wrapped-plastic-Hilarious-vintage-ads-used-promote-cellophane-housewives-days-gone-by.html)

Mynd 4.5. Edda Karólína Ævarsdóttir

Mynd 4.6. Myndir af https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polystyrene_formation.PNG og http://www.plasticreef.com/?attachment_id=128

Mynd 4.7. Birna Sigrún Hallsdóttir, byggt á https://epthinktank.eu/2013/11/07/plastic-waste/plastics-production-plastic-waste-treatment-of-plastic-waste/

Mynd 4.8. Papakah/Shutterstock og https://feww.wordpress.com/category/water-pollution/

Mynd 4.9. Myndir úr Marine Litter – Scope and Nature (Stefanie Werner, 2014 – erindi haldið í Reykjavík 24. september 2014 á alþjóðlegri ráðstefnu um plast í hafi: https://www.ust.is/library/Skrar/Einstaklingar/Vatnsgaedi/Plastradstefna/1_Stefanie_Werner.pdf)

Mynd 4.10. Edda Karólína Ævarsdóttir, byggt á https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54188. Flákar teiknaðir inn á kort frá NOAA, GEBCO, https://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/

Mynd 4.11. Myndir úr Saving our synthetic sea (Marcus Ericsen, 2014 – erindi haldið í Reykjavík 24. september 2014 á alþjóðlegri ráðstefnu um plast í hafi: https://www.ust.is/library/Skrar/Einstaklingar/Vatnsgaedi/Plastradstefna/3_Marcus_Eriksen.pdf)

Mynd 4.12. Mynd úr Saving our synthetic sea (Marcus Ericsen, 2014 – erindi haldið í Reykjavík 24. september 2014 á alþjóðlegri ráðstefnu um plast í hafi: https://www.ust.is/library/Skrar/Einstaklingar/Vatnsgaedi/Plastradstefna/3_Marcus_Eriksen.pdf)

Mynd 4.13. Myndir af vef NOAA: https://blog.response.restoration.noaa.gov/how-marine-debris-impacting-marine-animals-and-what-you-can-do-about-it

Mynd 4.14. Myndir úr Saving our synthetic sea (Marcus Ericsen, 2014 – erindi haldið í Reykjavík 24. september 2014 á alþjóðlegri ráðstefnu um plast í hafi: https://www.ust.is/library/Skrar/Einstaklingar/Vatnsgaedi/Plastradstefna/3_Marcus_Eriksen.pdf) og https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2016/03/160331-car-parts-plastics-dead-whales-germany-animals/

Mynd 4.15. Myndir af heimasíðu PodiumRunner, https://www.podiumrunner.com/adidas-making-running-shoes-from-recycled-ocean-plastic_158719  og Ethic, https://www.ethic.is/collections/herraskor/products/denver-strigaskor (sótt 22. október 2019)

Mynd 4.16. Birna Sigrún Hallsdóttir og Edda Karólína Ævarsdóttir, byggt á https://emf.thirdlight.com/file/24/_A-BkCs_skP18I_Am1g_JWxFrX/The%20New%20Plastics%20Economy%3A%20Rethinking%20the%20future%20of%20plastics.pdf